[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":151},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-he-zun-and-china-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"“中国”的出现","he-zun-and-china","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283339965_720_1765162781070_He_Zun_transcription.jpg","article","2026-02-05T17:22:27","2024-06-19T15:47:14",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"「中國」 的出現","「中國」 的出現:何尊銘文與最早 「中國」 二字的誕生","「中國」 的出現:何尊 「宅茲中國」 銘文與華夏國家觀念起源","何尊,中國,宅茲中國,西周","## 宅茲中國\n\n陝西是中華民族和華夏文明的重要發祥地之一,「中國」二字即最早見於寶雞出土的青銅器「何尊」。 這件國之重器現珍藏在陝西省\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Baoji City\" lon=\"107.24\" lat=\"34.36\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">寶雞市\u003C/span>青銅器博物院,是周人留存下來的珍貴遺產,是周人智慧的結晶,也是中華民族文化源遠流長的見證。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000192/000192_1718783166206.jpg\" alt=\"著名的何尊，造型雄奇精美，是一件极为难得的艺术珍品，出现了“中国”一词最早的铭文\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"http://www.bjqtm.com/xcjy/kyzt/2022-01-06/671.html\" target=\"_blank\">寶雞青銅器博物院\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">「何尊」是中國首批禁止出國(境)展覽的珍貴文物,它是西周早期一個名叫何的宗室貴族所擁有的祭器,造型雄奇精美,是一件極為難得的藝術珍品。 但何尊的重要性並不在於其外形,而是尊底內部鑄有的 12 行、共計 122 字的銘文,其中 「宅茲中國」 為 「中國」 一詞最早的文字記載(右圖銘文中紅色圈出區域),因此這件傳世之寶可以被形容為:見證了 「中國」 的出現。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n何尊內底有銘文,除損傷 3 字外,現存銘文 12 行、共計 119 字。 整篇銘文的大意為:\n\n> 成王五年四月,周王開始在成周營建都城,並祭祀武王祈求福佑。 周成王於丙戌日在京宮大室中對宗族小子何進行訓誥,講到何的先父公氏追隨文王,文王受上天大命統治天下。 武王滅商後則告祭於天,以此地作為天下的中心,統治民眾。 周成王賞賜何貝三十朋,何因此作尊,以作紀念。 這是周成王的一篇重要的訓誡勉勵的文告。\n\u003Cbr>\n> -- 何尊銘文\n\n從銘文可知,這件器物的擁有者名叫「何」,因此學者將這件器物命名為「何尊」。 何尊的銘文記載了文王受命、武王滅商、成王營建成周\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"LuoYi City\" lon=\"112.49\" lat=\"34.68\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">洛邑\u003C/span>等重大歷史事件。\n\n據史書記載,武王滅商後,為了鞏固政權,利於統治,認為伊水和洛水一帶地理形勢很好,於是在這裡初步建造了一座城邑,用以安撫殷商遺民與東部諸侯和友國,從而保證西周的勝利果實。 這就是《史記·周本紀》中所記 「武王營周居於洛邑而後去」。 這段記載得到了何尊銘文「**武王既克大邑商,則廷告於天曰:余其宅茲中國,自之乂民**」的有力支持和證實。 武王死後,成王年幼,周公攝政君臨天下,不久就發生了武庚祿父聯合管叔、蔡叔的共同叛亂。 接著,東方的熊、盈等國族和東南的徐戎、淮夷也一起叛亂。 平定了這些叛亂後,成王繼續營造\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"LuoYi City\" lon=\"112.49\" lat=\"34.68\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">洛邑\u003C/span>。 這也與何尊銘文「惟王初遷宅於成周」相吻合。\n\n另外,何尊的銘文中出現了**目前所知最早的、明確出現 「中國」 這一專有名詞**,這對了解和認識中華民族的過去、現在和未來都具有重要意義和價值。 銘文中的 「中國」,當時指以洛邑為天下之中的核心區域,是西周的「中心之地」,這清楚地表明了西周的建都原則,也開創了以後歷代王朝的建都傳統。\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《国家宝藏：100件文物讲述中华文明史》；佟洵 王云松；四川人民出版社；2018-11\n\n《中国通史》吕思勉；群言出版社 2016-02\n\n《中国史简读：世界史坐标下的中国》；张宏杰；岳麓书社 2019-08\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","「中國」 二字最早出自西周青銅器何尊,銘文 「宅茲中國」 見證天下之中觀念的形成,揭秘 「中國」 一詞的文字源頭與歷史意義。","我要居於天下之中的 「中國」,以此治理百姓","我要居於天下之中的 「中國」,以此治理百姓! 「宅茲中國」 是 「中國」 二字最早的文字記錄,見證周人以洛邑為天下之中的建國理念。","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,71,79,87,95,103,111,119,127,135,143],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"4d9790273da841ae87a7c3db3d5a3c28","西周由盛轉衰","decline-of-western-zhou-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283367339_720_000200_1719299092473.jpg","2026-03-06T14:04:48","2026-03-06T14:05:25","西周以宗法、分封、禮樂、井田製奠定盛世,成康之治後經昭王南征、穆王嬉遊,國力耗盡,開啟由盛轉衰之路。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"01acfc8b3d844b88a7d3ee1ae5dd11e6","西周滅商與周公輔政","western-zhou-dynasty-overthrew-shang-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283281482_720_000192_1718782846018.jpg","2026-03-06T13:28:32","2026-03-06T13:29:02","從武王伐紂、牧野之戰到周公攝政、平定三監、營建洛邑、製禮作樂,一文看懂西周開國與華夏早期制度文明成型。",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"6c51c6c3bc564fd68338571598e06bb0","春秋第一霸鄭莊公","duke-zhuang-of-zheng","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283839404_720_000209_1756780562542_Henan-chimes2.jpg","2026-02-26T10:46:46","2026-03-12T12:58:30","鄭莊公,春秋小霸,鄭國第三位國君,以權謀平定內亂、擊敗周天子,主導𦈡葛之戰、周鄭交質,開啟春秋爭霸序幕,解讀其傳奇一生與鄭國興衰史。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"c78fabc8c99d47f9b5cad8150c9b7ae7","東周之春秋爭霸","hegemony-struggles-of-the-spring-and-autumn-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283774881_720_1765271361660_dz.jpg","2026-03-08T23:03:34","2026-03-08T23:04:07","公元前771年,西周在犬戎的鐵蹄與周幽王的荒唐中覆滅。 本文解析「烽火戲諸侯」的真相、毛公鼎銘文中的宣王中興,以及周平王東遷後,中國如何從禮樂文明走向諸侯兼併的春秋爭霸時代。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"99a08840c2e8430d98891f05c3472fd8","厲王毀國與國人暴動","king-li-of-zhou-ruins-the-state-and-revolt-of-the-common-people","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283613874_720_000200_1719299367383.jpg","2026-03-08T22:47:42","2026-03-08T22:48:25","周厲王姬胡因「專利」與「監謗」引發了著名的國人暴動。 本文深度解析「道路以目」的背景、西周國人階層的崛起,以及為何公元前841年是中國信史的元年。 涵蓋宗周鐘、㝬簋等西周重器解讀。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":69,"description":70},"4c5c07a38ee646688b1917110cb09598","城頭山,中國最早的城市","earliest-citie-in-china","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277030867_720_000124_1711414904136.jpg","2026-02-28T01:05:15","城頭山古城距今約 6300 年,是中國已知最早的城市,屬於大溪文化。 本文介紹其年代、城垣、稻作農業、房屋與墓葬等考古發現。",{"id":72,"name":73,"keywords":4,"slug":74,"author":7,"ogImage":75,"isBlog":4,"createDate":76,"updateDate":77,"description":78},"4cd7766ae5ee468ea48aa3adba7941a9","羅馬共和國的建立","the-establishment-of-the-roman-republic","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291076578_720_1769589582052_Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.jpg","2026-03-07T23:45:04","2026-03-07T23:45:24","公元前509年,羅馬告別王政開啟共和。 深度解析波利比烏斯的「混合政體」理論與蒙森的「同僚性、年度性」制衡邏輯。 了解羅馬公民如何通過權力設計,防止專制君主的再次誕生。",{"id":80,"name":81,"keywords":4,"slug":82,"author":7,"ogImage":83,"isBlog":4,"createDate":84,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"118dd65be46847a6a11b5fe6745beec8","溫泉關戰役","battle-of-thermopylae","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773992089939_leonidas-i720.jpg","2026-03-20T19:07:00","2026-03-20T19:07:58","公元前480年溫泉關戰役爆發,列奧尼達率數千希臘聯軍死守隘口,以少抗多遲滯波斯大軍,為希臘聯軍翻盤贏得關鍵時間,鑄就軍事史傳奇。",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":4,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":4,"createDate":92,"updateDate":93,"description":94},"1ff11f790154484882c2330ce9ee4dc8","地米斯托克利締造雅典海軍","themistocles","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773996650171_493BC.jpg","2026-03-20T16:49:16","2026-03-20T16:49:31","地米斯托克利以勞里昂銀礦收益打造雅典艦隊,修建港口與防禦工事,奠定雅典海上霸權根基,晚年卻遭陶片放逐、客死波斯。",{"id":96,"name":97,"keywords":4,"slug":98,"author":7,"ogImage":99,"isBlog":4,"createDate":100,"updateDate":101,"description":102},"8491c1ef3dc54813ba4607d84e439959","第一次布匿戰爭結束","the-end-of-the-first-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773821870368_The_Oath_of_Hannibal2.jpg","2026-03-18T19:25:31","2026-03-18T19:27:11","公元前 241 年埃加迪海戰大敗迦太基後,羅馬通過《卡圖盧斯和約》結束 23 年第一次布匿戰爭,掌控西西里並成為西地中海霸主。",{"id":104,"name":105,"keywords":4,"slug":106,"author":7,"ogImage":107,"isBlog":4,"createDate":108,"updateDate":109,"description":110},"433c14dafc584a86b8e5819dbf62deec","希梅拉戰役","battle-of-himera","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889155192_Ancient-Carthage.jpg","2026-03-19T14:08:14","2026-03-19T14:08:29","公元前 480 年希梅拉戰役爆發,敘拉古僭主蓋隆率希臘聯軍擊敗迦太基大軍,終結迦太基西進西西里計劃,成為西地中海希臘文明的關鍵勝利。",{"id":112,"name":113,"keywords":4,"slug":114,"author":7,"ogImage":115,"isBlog":4,"createDate":116,"updateDate":117,"description":118},"ff04bebabfe340d2816979640f79735a","西西里消耗戰","first-punic-war-sicilian-confrontation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773836795285_1773641026266_Altar-of-Domitius-Ahenobarbus2.jpg","2026-03-18T19:05:38","2026-03-19T13:50:42","第一次布匿戰爭進入西西里消耗戰,羅馬攻占巴勒莫,卻在德雷帕納海戰慘敗;哈米爾卡・巴卡以游擊戰術堅守迦太基西部要塞,戰爭陷入長期僵持。",{"id":120,"name":121,"keywords":4,"slug":122,"author":7,"ogImage":123,"isBlog":4,"createDate":124,"updateDate":125,"description":126},"34dd3ef76ca940138120fc08db55098c","阿拉利亞海戰","battle-of-alalia","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889166419_battle-of-alalia3.png","2026-03-19T13:41:45","2026-03-19T13:44:59","公元前 540 至前 535 年，阿拉利亞海戰爆發，希臘福西亞人對陣迦太基與伊特魯里亞聯軍。這場海戰徹底重塑了西地中海的勢力格局，終結了希臘向西方殖民的進程。",{"id":128,"name":129,"keywords":4,"slug":130,"author":7,"ogImage":131,"isBlog":4,"createDate":132,"updateDate":133,"description":134},"c9c2069607dc4ddb81df7f159c2477cc","迦太基帝國","the-rise-of-the-carthaginian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889543432_Carthage32.jpg","2026-03-19T13:18:18","2026-03-19T13:18:37","迦太基是腓尼基人在北非建立的殖民帝國,憑藉海軍與貿易稱霸西地中海,歷經馬爾丘斯、馬戈一世擴張,成為羅馬崛起前的地中海強權。",{"id":136,"name":137,"keywords":4,"slug":138,"author":7,"ogImage":139,"isBlog":4,"createDate":140,"updateDate":141,"description":142},"aba73b3472c5466a9947cc249556571b","強權之下的腓尼基城邦","phoenician-city-states-vassalized-to-great-powers","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283572590_720_1765465371446_Assyrian_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_Walters.jpg","2026-03-07T13:29:46","2026-03-07T13:58:31","腓尼基城邦憑藉商業與航海稱霸東地中海,卻先後淪為亞述、新巴比倫、波斯附庸,最終在亞歷山大攻陷推羅後,結束海洋霸主時代。",{"id":144,"name":145,"keywords":4,"slug":146,"author":7,"ogImage":147,"isBlog":4,"createDate":148,"updateDate":149,"description":150},"4c8d31293f804624bffefd2d1ea19c6f","新埃蘭時期與文明的消亡","neo-elamite-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290418284_720_1765426853042_Assyria.jpg","2026-03-08T17:08:50","2026-03-08T17:19:43","公元前1100年至600年,新埃蘭時期見證了兩千年埃蘭文明的終結。 本文詳述亞述帝國的殘酷征服、蘇薩城的毀滅,以及波斯人如何繼承埃蘭遺產並建立阿契美尼德王朝,還原近東霸權更迭的真實史詩。",1774515945211]