[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":152},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-first-intermediate-period-of-egypt-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"埃及第一中间期","first-intermediate-period-of-egypt","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277773655_720_1764036324852_Stela_of_the_Gatekeeper_Maati_MET_DP352181.jpg","article","2026-02-05T15:49:40","2025-11-04T16:17:18",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"埃及第一中間期","第一中間期:古埃及歷史上第一個長期分裂與動盪的時代","埃及第一中間期 | 古王國崩潰後的大分裂、饑荒、動盪與《涅菲爾提預言》","埃及第一中間期,諾姆","## 古埃及歷史上第一個大動盪時代\n\n在古埃及的王朝歷史中,有三個比較明顯的動盪階段,它們開始並結束於兩個相對穩定和強盛的歷史期之間,近現代學者們據此稱其為 「中間期」。\n\n埃及古王國時期(約前 2686- 前 2181 年)是第一個統一、繁榮與穩定的階段,持續約五百餘年。 到第六王朝末期,古王國開始走向衰落。 第七王朝與第八王朝時期,定都\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Memphis Egypt\" lon=\"31.2614\" lat=\"29.8511\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">孟菲斯\u003C/span>的國王們名義上仍是全埃及的最高統治者,但實際控制區域僅限於孟菲斯周邊,其餘地區已被獨立或半獨立的地方貴族(諾馬爾赫)掌控。 第八王朝結束後,名義上的統一徹底瓦解,古王國時代一去不返,**埃及進入第一個大分裂、大動盪時代 --第一中間期**(約前 2181 年 - 前 2040 年)。 這一混亂階段持續一百多年,涵蓋第七王朝至第十王朝。\n\n其中,第七王朝若真實存在,據記載建立於公元前 2181 年左右,是一個極為短暫的王朝,傳說僅維持 70 天,卻先後有 70 位法老,顯得極為荒誕。**第一中間期最突出的特徵是全國性的飢荒與社會動蕩。 據 《涅菲爾提預言書》 記載**:\n\n> 埃及的河流空了,竟然可以徒步走過。 人們找不到能行船的水,河床變成了沙灘......。\n從來未發生過的事出現了,人們拿起武器,大地變得混亂……\n甚至沒有人因死亡而哭泣,沒有人為死亡而在夜晚禁食,人們的心只追隨著自己……\n當有人殺人時,別人只自己坐在角落裡,背向不理。\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000168/000168_1710133282319.png\" alt=\"涅菲尔提预言，圣书体与英文的对照译本\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/4226689/4-the-prophecies-of-nfrti-neferti-part-i-middle-egyptian-grammar-\" target=\"_blank\">Yumpu\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\u003Cp class=\"description\">《涅菲爾提預言》(Prophecy of Neferti)章節,聖書體與英文對照譯本。 《涅菲爾提預言》是一篇教諭與預言類文獻,帶有濃厚的意識形態色彩,成文時間實際在第十二王朝(約前 1983- 前 1778 年)。 文獻托古講述發生在第四王朝斯尼夫魯(Snefru)時期的故事,這位國王曾先後建造三座金字塔。 顯然,這篇所謂的 「預言」 並非真正預測未來,而是以預言形式 「修正甚至重構」 已經發生的歷史,這種 「修飾歷史」 的做法在古代十分常見。 文獻記載,斯尼夫魯國王召集智者為他講論,上述預言便出自祭司涅菲爾提之口。\n\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.28/1764036324852_Stela_of_the_Gatekeeper_Maati_MET_DP352181.jpg\" alt=\"Stela of the Gatekeeper Maati\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">First Intermediate Period of Egypt\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">守門人馬蒂(Maati)石碑,約公元前 2051- 前 2030 年。 碑文中還提到一位名為貝比(Bebi)的總管,他後來可能擔任維齊爾;此外還提及一位王子 --「偉大的」 因提夫(Intef),他很可能是第十一王朝王室的先祖。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《埃及史》王泰 郭子林；商务印书馆 2022-06\n\n《古埃及兴亡史（全三册）》美国国家地理学会编著；董馨阳 杨依 李青芝[译]；现代出版社 2022-01\n\n《埃及7000年》； [埃及] 杰森 · 汤普森；刘梦迪[译]； 浙江人民出版社 2024-01\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">Ancient Egypt\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">First Intermediate Period of Egypt\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n\n","第一中間期是古埃及古王國與中王國之間的混亂時代,中央瓦解、地方割據、饑荒與戰亂頻發,《涅菲爾提預言》記錄了這一黑暗時期。\n","埃及第一中間期:古王國崩潰後的黑暗時代與大分裂","古王國衰亡後,埃及進入持續百餘年的第一中間期:王權崩塌、饑荒遍地、社會失序,為後來中王國的重新統一埋下伏筆。","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,104,112,120,128,136,144],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"389f738e7db449048c19be10058c85a6","中國夏朝的建立","establishment-of-xia-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277871973_720_000168_1710133309766.jpg","2026-03-05T13:55:23","2026-03-05T13:55:59","夏朝是中國史書中第一個朝代,約公元前 2070 年由大禹建立,啟繼位後世襲制取代禪讓製,二里頭遺址被認為是夏代中晚期都城。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"989e5e086ff047f6af30c2c3725857b2","考狄昂峽谷之辱","roman-humiliation-at-caudine-forks","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291557096_720_1770005924895_Caudine-Forks.jpg","2026-03-08T15:56:57","2026-03-08T15:58:52","公元前321年,羅馬軍團在考狄昂峽谷被迫鑽過薩莫奈人的「軛門」。 這場奇恥大辱沒有擊垮羅馬,反而催生了阿皮亞大道與中隊陣改革。 深入探索羅馬如何從失敗中學習,並最終贏得第二次薩莫奈戰爭。",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"c5735a41d07e4ccfa8cdff51907f94b4","《李錫尼法》","lex-licinia-sextia","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291300714_720_1769590535729_Twelve-Tables.jpg","2026-03-08T15:15:44","2026-03-08T15:16:15","《李錫尼法》(Lex Licinia Sextia)是羅馬共和史的里程碑。 本文解讀該法如何通過限制土地兼併、減免債務及強制設立平民執政官,終結了貴族對權力的絕對壟斷,確立了權力制衡的共和基石。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"4cd7766ae5ee468ea48aa3adba7941a9","羅馬共和國的建立","the-establishment-of-the-roman-republic","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291076578_720_1769589582052_Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.jpg","2026-03-07T23:45:04","2026-03-07T23:45:24","公元前509年,羅馬告別王政開啟共和。 深度解析波利比烏斯的「混合政體」理論與蒙森的「同僚性、年度性」制衡邏輯。 了解羅馬公民如何通過權力設計,防止專制君主的再次誕生。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"118dd65be46847a6a11b5fe6745beec8","溫泉關戰役","battle-of-thermopylae","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773992089939_leonidas-i720.jpg","2026-03-20T19:07:00","2026-03-20T19:07:58","公元前480年溫泉關戰役爆發,列奧尼達率數千希臘聯軍死守隘口,以少抗多遲滯波斯大軍,為希臘聯軍翻盤贏得關鍵時間,鑄就軍事史傳奇。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":70,"description":71},"1ff11f790154484882c2330ce9ee4dc8","地米斯托克利締造雅典海軍","themistocles","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773996650171_493BC.jpg","2026-03-20T16:49:16","2026-03-20T16:49:31","地米斯托克利以勞里昂銀礦收益打造雅典艦隊,修建港口與防禦工事,奠定雅典海上霸權根基,晚年卻遭陶片放逐、客死波斯。",{"id":73,"name":74,"keywords":4,"slug":75,"author":7,"ogImage":76,"isBlog":4,"createDate":77,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"8491c1ef3dc54813ba4607d84e439959","第一次布匿戰爭結束","the-end-of-the-first-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773821870368_The_Oath_of_Hannibal2.jpg","2026-03-18T19:25:31","2026-03-18T19:27:11","公元前 241 年埃加迪海戰大敗迦太基後,羅馬通過《卡圖盧斯和約》結束 23 年第一次布匿戰爭,掌控西西里並成為西地中海霸主。",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":86,"description":87},"433c14dafc584a86b8e5819dbf62deec","希梅拉戰役","battle-of-himera","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889155192_Ancient-Carthage.jpg","2026-03-19T14:08:14","2026-03-19T14:08:29","公元前 480 年希梅拉戰役爆發,敘拉古僭主蓋隆率希臘聯軍擊敗迦太基大軍,終結迦太基西進西西里計劃,成為西地中海希臘文明的關鍵勝利。",{"id":89,"name":90,"keywords":4,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":4,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"ff04bebabfe340d2816979640f79735a","西西里消耗戰","first-punic-war-sicilian-confrontation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773836795285_1773641026266_Altar-of-Domitius-Ahenobarbus2.jpg","2026-03-18T19:05:38","2026-03-19T13:50:42","第一次布匿戰爭進入西西里消耗戰,羅馬攻占巴勒莫,卻在德雷帕納海戰慘敗;哈米爾卡・巴卡以游擊戰術堅守迦太基西部要塞,戰爭陷入長期僵持。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":4,"slug":99,"author":7,"ogImage":100,"isBlog":4,"createDate":101,"updateDate":102,"description":103},"34dd3ef76ca940138120fc08db55098c","阿拉利亞海戰","battle-of-alalia","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889166419_battle-of-alalia3.png","2026-03-19T13:41:45","2026-03-19T13:44:59","公元前 540 至前 535 年，阿拉利亞海戰爆發，希臘福西亞人對陣迦太基與伊特魯里亞聯軍。這場海戰徹底重塑了西地中海的勢力格局，終結了希臘向西方殖民的進程。",{"id":105,"name":106,"keywords":4,"slug":107,"author":7,"ogImage":108,"isBlog":4,"createDate":109,"updateDate":110,"description":111},"c9c2069607dc4ddb81df7f159c2477cc","迦太基帝國","the-rise-of-the-carthaginian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889543432_Carthage32.jpg","2026-03-19T13:18:18","2026-03-19T13:18:37","迦太基是腓尼基人在北非建立的殖民帝國,憑藉海軍與貿易稱霸西地中海,歷經馬爾丘斯、馬戈一世擴張,成為羅馬崛起前的地中海強權。",{"id":113,"name":114,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"aba73b3472c5466a9947cc249556571b","強權之下的腓尼基城邦","phoenician-city-states-vassalized-to-great-powers","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283572590_720_1765465371446_Assyrian_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_Walters.jpg","2026-03-07T13:29:46","2026-03-07T13:58:31","腓尼基城邦憑藉商業與航海稱霸東地中海,卻先後淪為亞述、新巴比倫、波斯附庸,最終在亞歷山大攻陷推羅後,結束海洋霸主時代。",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":126,"description":127},"4c8d31293f804624bffefd2d1ea19c6f","新埃蘭時期與文明的消亡","neo-elamite-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290418284_720_1765426853042_Assyria.jpg","2026-03-08T17:08:50","2026-03-08T17:19:43","公元前1100年至600年,新埃蘭時期見證了兩千年埃蘭文明的終結。 本文詳述亞述帝國的殘酷征服、蘇薩城的毀滅,以及波斯人如何繼承埃蘭遺產並建立阿契美尼德王朝,還原近東霸權更迭的真實史詩。",{"id":129,"name":130,"keywords":4,"slug":131,"author":7,"ogImage":132,"isBlog":4,"createDate":133,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"00549781383e4e04aaa9fcb7e5247c6e","第一次布匿戰爭","first-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773821854423_Battle_of_Mylae1.jpg","2026-03-18T15:54:29","2026-03-18T20:31:52","第一次布匿戰爭(前 264- 前 241 年)是羅馬與迦太基爭奪地中海霸權的首場大戰。 羅馬從無海軍起步,憑藉烏鴉吊橋在米拉海戰大破迦太基艦隊,最終奪取西西里,奠定西地中海霸主地位。",{"id":137,"name":138,"keywords":4,"slug":139,"author":7,"ogImage":140,"isBlog":4,"createDate":141,"updateDate":142,"description":143},"4c6669ee00cb4318a52b69c064c91e7c","蓋隆時代的敘拉古","syracuse-in-the-age-of-gelon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773835732572_1773816624938_Gelon2.jpg","2026-03-18T20:00:12","2026-03-18T20:00:51","蓋隆於公元前485年成為敘拉古僭主,通過移民集權、希梅拉戰役大勝迦太基,締造敘拉古黃金時代,使其成為西地中海希臘文明核心強權。",{"id":145,"name":146,"keywords":4,"slug":147,"author":7,"ogImage":148,"isBlog":4,"createDate":149,"updateDate":150,"description":151},"87b1ad24e8f848fd8e29a71242111069","敘拉古建城","foundation-of-syracuse","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773822661514_Leto2.png","2026-03-18T19:48:41","2026-03-18T19:50:43","敘拉古於公元前 733 年由科林斯人在西西里島奧爾蒂賈島建城,憑藉天然良港與肥沃土地迅速崛起,成為古希臘最強大的城邦之一。",1777530963270]