[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":136},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-origin-of-ancient-egyptian-civilization-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"古埃及文明的起源","origin-of-ancient-egyptian-civilization","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277095560_720_000156_1710134660075.jpg","article","2026-02-05T15:38:22","2023-11-27T12:48:00",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"The Origin of Ancient Egyptian Civilization","The Unity of Ancient Egypt and the Origin of Civilization","The Origin of Ancient Egyptian Civilization | The Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, the Scorpion King, Narmai and the Early Dynasty","AncientEgyptianCivilization,Mines,Narmah,ScorpionKing","## The origin of ancient Egyptian civilization\n\nThe ancient Egyptian civilization is another great civilization later than the two rivers civilization. As early as the Paleolithic, the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The Nile\" lon=\"31.1167\" lat=\"30.9\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Nile River\u003C/span> basin was inhabited by early humans. 6000 bc -4000 years ago, including \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Upper Egypt\" lon=\"32\" lat=\"27\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">upper egypt\u003C/span>, \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Lower Egypt\" lon=\"31\" lat=\"31\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">lower egypt\u003C/span> egypt region, there have been a number of more developed copper and stone culture.**Historians often point to the unification of Upper and \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Lower Egypt\" lon=\"31\" lat=\"31\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Lower Egypt\u003C/span> as a sign of Egypt's entry into the age of civilization. This node is similar to the origin time of civilization in the two river basins, both around 3100 BC * *.\n\nLike the Sumerian civilization, the ancient Egyptian civilization was once \"interrupted\" by external conquerors: at the end of the 4th century BC, Alexander the Great conquered Egypt, and the Egyptian civilization and the Greek civilization rapidly merged, and its original civilization began to fade gradually, the most obvious manifestation of which was the gradual abandonment of its own national characters. In AD 641, Muslim fighters from Arabia conquered Egypt, and most of the local residents converted to Islam and eventually used Arabic. Since then, no one can read ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, no one can tell the stories and characters in statues and murals. The memory of ancient Egyptian civilization was thus lost, leaving only the pyramids standing alone in the desert, and even the descendants of the builders once did not know the origin of these great relics.\n\nAs two different cultures, Upper and \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Lower Egypt\" lon=\"31\" lat=\"31\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Lower Egypt\u003C/span> were divided for a long time before 4000 BC. By the late Niegada culture, the Shiraconpolis (Hierakonpolis) dynasty began to rise. This early state is vaguely documented, but is still regarded as one of the earliest state forms in the world. At present (2025), there are mainly two monarchs recognized by academic circles: King Scorpion (Scorpion King) and Narmer (also traditionally known as Meinis), dating from 3080 BC to 3040 BC.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000156/000156_1710134654204.jpg\" alt=\"蝎子王与塞尔凯特女神\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: Baidu Encyclopedia\n\u003C/span>\nOn the left of the \u003Cp class=\"description\">is the mural of the Scorpion King, and on the right is the goddess Serket. The Scorpion King may be the patron saint of the goddess Selkat, the goddess of medicine, magic, nature and animals in ancient Egypt, often appearing as a scorpion. It is not surprising that scorpions are worshipped in Egypt, where small, poisonous creatures lived in the Egyptian desert before the arrival of humans.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nAn inscription found in the Egyptian desert that describes the story of the Scorpion King's victory over his enemies may be the earliest ancient Egyptian historical document ever discovered. According to records, the character of the Scorpion King is between reality and myth. The real Scorpion King may be two different rulers, and Narmai is the second, but scholars are not very sure. At present, most scholars believe that King Scorpion started the process of Egyptian unification, and it was King Narmai who finally completed the cause of Egyptian unification.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000156/000156_1710134660075.jpg\" alt=\"蝎子王的权杖\" />\n\u003Cspan>\n\u003Ca href=\"https://xoomer.virgilio.it/francescoraf/hesyra/KingScorpion2.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Left picture source\u003C/a> \u003Ca href=\"http://narmer.pl/dyn/00en.htm\" target=\"_blank\">right picture source\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">the top of the Scorpion King's scepter, with a photocopy on the right for easy observation. In the image, there is a scorpion on the left side of the head of the Scorpion King, so it is confirmed as the \"Scorpion King\".\n\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nThe unification of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Upper Egypt\" lon=\"32\" lat=\"27\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Upper\u003C/span> and \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Lower Egypt\" lon=\"31\" lat=\"31\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Lower Egypt\u003C/span> dates from about 3100 BC. From then on, the history of Egypt broke away from the prehistoric stage and entered the \"civilization era\" in the strict sense \". This period is called the early dynasty era (ancient style era), including the first and second dynasties of Egypt, which lasted for more than 300 years, and is regarded as the beginning of the gradual formation of the centralized state in ancient Egypt.\n\n## References\n\n\n\n《埃及史》王泰 郭子林；商务印书馆 2022-06\n\n《古埃及兴亡史（全三册）》美国国家地理学会编著；董馨阳 杨依 李青芝[译]；现代出版社 2022-01\n\n《埃及7000年》； [埃及] 杰森 · 汤普森；刘梦迪[译]； 浙江人民出版社 2024-01\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">Ancient Egypt\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n\n\n","When was the ancient Egyptian civilization born? How was the upper and lower Egypt unified? Who were the Scorpion King and Narmai? This article introduces the origin course of Egyptian civilization from prehistoric to early dynasty.","About 3100 BC, marked by the unification of Egypt by Meenis, one of the oldest civilizations of mankind was born.","From the divided Upper and Lower Egypt to the unity of the Scorpion King and Narmaine, another great human civilization officially appeared on the banks of the Nile.","en",0.7,[24,31,38,45,52,59,66,73,80,87,94,101,108,115,122,129],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"967524e7a915427ba509ff322e88b220","Early Dynasty of Egypt","early-dynastic-period-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277213131_720_000159_1710142560517.jpg","2026-03-03T00:05:40","Egypt early dynasty (3100-2686) is the beginning of ancient Egyptian civilization. This article describes the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, the Narmaine palette, the Scorpion King, Menis, the establishment of the capitals of Memphis and the establishment of the First Dynasty.",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":36,"description":37},"389f738e7db449048c19be10058c85a6","The establishment of the Xia Dynasty in China","establishment-of-xia-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277871973_720_000168_1710133309766.jpg","2026-03-05T13:55:34","The Xia Dynasty is the first dynasty in Chinese history. It was established by Dayu in about 2070 BC. The post-succession hereditary system replaced the Zen system. The Erlitou site is considered to be the capital of the middle and late Xia Dynasty.",{"id":39,"name":40,"keywords":4,"slug":41,"author":7,"ogImage":42,"isBlog":4,"createDate":43,"updateDate":43,"description":44},"989e5e086ff047f6af30c2c3725857b2","The Disgrace of the Cordion Gorge","roman-humiliation-at-caudine-forks","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291557096_720_1770005924895_Caudine-Forks.jpg","2026-03-08T15:57:17","In 321 BC, the Roman legions were forced to drill through the \"yoke gate\" of the Samonaes in the Canyon of Kaudeon \". This great humiliation did not bring down Rome, but gave birth to the reform of the Apia Avenue and the Squadron. In-depth exploration of how Rome learned from defeat and ultimately won the Second Samonet War.",{"id":46,"name":47,"keywords":4,"slug":48,"author":7,"ogImage":49,"isBlog":4,"createDate":50,"updateDate":50,"description":51},"c5735a41d07e4ccfa8cdff51907f94b4","The Lee Sini Act","lex-licinia-sextia","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291300714_720_1769590535729_Twelve-Tables.jpg","2026-03-08T15:16:04","The Lex Licinia Sextia was a milestone in the history of the Roman Republic. This article examines how the law, by curbing land consolidation, granting debt relief, and mandating the election of plebeian magistrates, brought an end to the aristocracy’s absolute monopoly on power and established the republican principle of checks and balances.",{"id":53,"name":54,"keywords":4,"slug":55,"author":7,"ogImage":56,"isBlog":4,"createDate":57,"updateDate":57,"description":58},"4cd7766ae5ee468ea48aa3adba7941a9","The establishment of the Roman Republic","the-establishment-of-the-roman-republic","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291076578_720_1769589582052_Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.jpg","2026-03-07T23:45:15","In 509 BC, Rome bid farewell to the royal government and opened a republic. An in-depth analysis of Polybius's theory of \"mixed polity\" and Monson's \"peer-to-peer, annual\" logic of checks and balances. Learn how Roman citizens, through power design, prevented the re-birth of the despotic monarchy.",{"id":60,"name":61,"keywords":4,"slug":62,"author":7,"ogImage":63,"isBlog":4,"createDate":64,"updateDate":64,"description":65},"118dd65be46847a6a11b5fe6745beec8","The Battle of Thermopylae","battle-of-thermopylae","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773992089939_leonidas-i720.jpg","2026-03-20T19:07:09","In 480 BC, the Battle of Thermopylae erupted. Led by King Leonidas, a force of several thousand Greek allies held the narrow pass against overwhelming odds, delaying the Persian army and buying crucial time for the Greek coalition to regroup and ultimately turn the tide. This epic stand has since become a legendary chapter in military history.",{"id":67,"name":68,"keywords":4,"slug":69,"author":7,"ogImage":70,"isBlog":4,"createDate":71,"updateDate":71,"description":72},"1ff11f790154484882c2330ce9ee4dc8","Themistocles built the Athenian navy.","themistocles","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773996650171_493BC.jpg","2026-03-20T16:49:25","Themistocles used the revenues from the Laurion silver mines to build the Athenian fleet, construct ports and fortifications, and lay the foundations of Athens’ maritime supremacy. Yet in his later years, he was subjected to ostracism and died in exile in Persia.",{"id":74,"name":75,"keywords":4,"slug":76,"author":7,"ogImage":77,"isBlog":4,"createDate":78,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"8491c1ef3dc54813ba4607d84e439959","The First Punic War ended.","the-end-of-the-first-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773821870368_The_Oath_of_Hannibal2.jpg","2026-03-18T19:25:41","After the defeat of Carthage in the Battle of Egardi in 241 BC, Rome ended the first Punic War in 23 years through the Peace of Catullus, taking control of Sicily and becoming the overlord of the Western Mediterranean.",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"433c14dafc584a86b8e5819dbf62deec","Battle of Himera","battle-of-himera","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889155192_Ancient-Carthage.jpg","2026-03-19T14:08:23","In 480 BC, the Battle of Himera erupted. Gelon, the tyrant of Syracuse, led a coalition of Greek forces to defeat the massive Carthaginian army, thereby thwarting Carthage’s westward expansion into Sicily and marking a pivotal victory for Greek civilization in the western Mediterranean.",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":4,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":4,"createDate":92,"updateDate":92,"description":93},"ff04bebabfe340d2816979640f79735a","The Sicilian War of Attrition","first-punic-war-sicilian-confrontation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773836795285_1773641026266_Altar-of-Domitius-Ahenobarbus2.jpg","2026-03-18T19:05:47","The First Punic War entered the Sicilian War of Attrition. Rome captured Palermo, but was defeated in the Battle of Drepana. Hamilka Baca held the western fortress of Carthage with guerrilla tactics, and the war fell into a long stalemate.",{"id":95,"name":96,"keywords":4,"slug":97,"author":7,"ogImage":98,"isBlog":4,"createDate":99,"updateDate":99,"description":100},"34dd3ef76ca940138120fc08db55098c","The Battle of Aralia","battle-of-alalia","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889166419_battle-of-alalia3.png","2026-03-19T13:41:54","Between 540 and 535 BCE, the Battle of Alalia took place, pitting the Greek colonists of Phocaea against a joint Carthaginian–Etruscan fleet. This naval engagement fundamentally reshaped the balance of power in the western Mediterranean, bringing an end to the Greek westward colonial expansion.",{"id":102,"name":103,"keywords":4,"slug":104,"author":7,"ogImage":105,"isBlog":4,"createDate":106,"updateDate":106,"description":107},"c9c2069607dc4ddb81df7f159c2477cc","Carthage Empire","the-rise-of-the-carthaginian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889543432_Carthage32.jpg","2026-03-19T13:18:27","Carthage was a colonial empire founded by the Phoenicians in North Africa. Relying on its naval power and trade, it came to dominate the western Mediterranean. Through the expansions led by Hamilcar Barca and Mago I, Carthage emerged as a major Mediterranean power prior to Rome’s rise.",{"id":109,"name":110,"keywords":4,"slug":111,"author":7,"ogImage":112,"isBlog":4,"createDate":113,"updateDate":113,"description":114},"aba73b3472c5466a9947cc249556571b","Phoenician city-states under power","phoenician-city-states-vassalized-to-great-powers","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283572590_720_1765465371446_Assyrian_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_Walters.jpg","2026-03-07T13:29:57","The Phoenician city-state dominated the Eastern Mediterranean by virtue of commerce and navigation, but it was successively reduced to Assyria, Neo-Babylon, and Persian vassals, and finally ended the era of ocean hegemony after Alexander captured Tyrus.",{"id":116,"name":117,"keywords":4,"slug":118,"author":7,"ogImage":119,"isBlog":4,"createDate":120,"updateDate":120,"description":121},"4c8d31293f804624bffefd2d1ea19c6f","The New Elam Period and the Demise of Civilization","neo-elamite-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290418284_720_1765426853042_Assyria.jpg","2026-03-08T17:09:12","From 1100 to 600 BC, the New Elam period witnessed the end of the Elam civilization in two thousand years. This article details the brutal conquest of the Assyrian Empire, the destruction of the city of Susa, and how the Persians inherited the heritage of Elam and established the Achaemenid dynasty, restoring the true epic of the change of hegemony in the Near East.",{"id":123,"name":124,"keywords":4,"slug":125,"author":7,"ogImage":126,"isBlog":4,"createDate":127,"updateDate":127,"description":128},"00549781383e4e04aaa9fcb7e5247c6e","The First Punic War","first-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773821854423_Battle_of_Mylae1.jpg","2026-03-18T15:54:39","The First Punic War (264–241 BCE) was the first major conflict between Rome and Carthage over dominance in the Mediterranean. Rome began as a land power with no navy. By employing the corvus boarding bridge, it decisively defeated the Carthaginian fleet at the Battle of Mylae, ultimately seizing Sicily and establishing its dominance in the Western Mediterranean.",{"id":130,"name":131,"keywords":4,"slug":132,"author":7,"ogImage":133,"isBlog":4,"createDate":134,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"4c6669ee00cb4318a52b69c064c91e7c","Syracuse in the Age of Gelon","syracuse-in-the-age-of-gelon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773835732572_1773816624938_Gelon2.jpg","2026-03-18T20:00:21","Gaylon became the tyrant of Syrakus in 485 BC, creating the Golden Age of Syrakus through the centralization of immigration and the victory over Carthage in the Battle of Himera, making it the core power of Greek civilization in the Western Mediterranean.",1777530963296]