[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":144},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-malta-buret-culture-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"马尔塔-布瑞特文化","malta-buret-culture","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","article","2026-03-12T12:59:18","2025-09-27T19:26:00",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"Marta-Bret culture","The Marta-Bret Culture and the Ancient Northern Eurasian People","Marta-Brett Culture | Ancient Northern Eurasians, Marta Boys and River Princesses","ancientnorthernEurasianpeople,Marta-Brettculture,Martaboy,prehistory","## Marta-Brett Culture\n\nThe Mal'ta-Buret' culture (Culture) is a prehistoric human culture distributed in Siberia in the late Paleolithic period. It lasted about 24000 to 23000 years ago, and the lower limit of culture can last to about 15000 years ago. The typical site of the culture is located in the village of Mal'ta and was first discovered in 1920.**The people who created this culture are now defined as ancient northern Eurasians**(Ancient North Eurasians,ANE).\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761534791670_Malta–Buret-Culture2.jpg\" alt=\"Malta–Buret-Culture\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nPhotocopy of artifacts unearthed from the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mal'ta Site\" lon=\"103.517\" lat=\"52.85\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Marta site\u003C/span> in\u003Cp class=\"description\">.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761535031439_Malta–Buret-Culture52.jpg\" alt=\"Malta–Buret-Culture\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nAn extremely rich variety of handicrafts were unearthed at the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mal'ta Site\" lon=\"103.517\" lat=\"52.85\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Marta site\u003C/span> in\u003Cp class=\"description\">, including a large number of humanoid statues, of which about 30 were found for women alone. These statues have various forms: in addition to the plump \"Venus\" statues common in Europe in the Paleolithic Age, many slender figures have been unearthed at the site. Some of the statues are engraved with short lines or broken lines, which may be used to show fur or clothing.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761535151264_ivory-carving2.jpg\" alt=\"ivory-carving\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe mammoth ivory carvings unearthed at the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mal'ta Site\" lon=\"103.517\" lat=\"52.85\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Marta site\u003C/span> in \u003Cp class=\"description\">show a woolly mammoth. Apparently, this recently extinct animal is closely related to humans.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761535254606_mammoth2.jpg\" alt=\"mammoth\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">1965, a farmer living in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mezhyrich Village\" lon=\"31.4317\" lat=\"49.625\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Mejrich village\u003C/span> in central Ukraine (Mezhyrich) accidentally discovered the mandible of a mammoth. Subsequently, archaeologists unearthed four houses built of mammoth bones. These houses, which have consumed a total of 149 large mammoth bones, date back to about 15000 years ago and are thought to be temporary shelters built by people during the Marta-Brett period. Also unearthed were maps carved on bones, bone flutes/drums suspected of musical instruments, amber and shell ornaments, etc.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## \"Marta Boy\" and \"River Princess\"\n\nThe most striking find at the site of the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mal'ta\" lon=\"103.517\" lat=\"52.85\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Marta village\u003C/span> is the remains of a prehistoric human child named \"Marta Boy\" (MA-1), including some burial objects and a large number of artifacts and works of art found nearby. The identification date is about 24000 years ago.**The Marta Boy's genome makes him a\" type specimen \"for defining a new group of ancient northern Eurasians**. According to the results of an analysis published in 2013, MA-1's genome is strongly related to today's Europeans and Native Americans, and is relatively distant from today's Siberians and today's East Asians living here. Specifically, Native Americans inherited about one-third of their ancestry from ancient northern Eurasians, while the rest came from ancient East Asians.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1763122173942_MA-1.png\" alt=\"马尔塔男孩\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mal%27ta_boy_(MA-1)_with_tomb_artifacts,_Hermitage_Museum,_Saint-Petersburg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe burial of Marta Boy (MA-1) in \u003Cp class=\"description\">and part of its funerary objects. According to archaeological materials, it is speculated that the ethnic group lived in semi-cave houses. The stone tools are mainly flint stone chips, lacking large scrapers, gravel stone cores, wedge stone cores and other types, and their characteristics make them a very unique branch of Siberian Paleolithic culture. After genome-wide analysis of the relevant sites, it is speculated that the human characteristics are: brown eyes, dark hair and dark skin.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nPrincess Xiaohe is a female mummy unearthed at the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Xiahe Cemetery Site\" lon=\"86.2625\" lat=\"41.8366\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Xiaohe Cemetery site\u003C/span> in Lop Nur, Xinjiang Province, China. It is about 3800 years ago. It is named after its intact preservation and mysterious smile on its face. From the observation of facial features, the river princess seems to have obvious characteristics of modern European Caucasians, but in fact, she and the ancient northern Eurasian people who created the Marta-Brett culture have a very close blood relationship.\n\nAccording to DNA analysis, the river princess has about 72% of the genes of ancient northern Eurasian people, which is the \"best representative\" of this group in the Bronze Age. Obviously, her ancestral population is closely related to the Marta boy 24000 years ago, but during the long period from Pleistocene to Holocene, her hunter-gatherer and nomadic groups experienced a very long genetic bottleneck period, thus forming a relatively isolated genetic structure.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg\" alt=\"Princess_of_Xiaohe\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_of_Xiaohe\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">\"Xiaohe Princess\" came from Xiaohe Cemetery in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ruoqiang County\" lon=\"90\" lat=\"38.3\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Ruoqiang County\u003C/span>, Xinjiang, and was discovered in 2003. Her age was sealed between 20 and 40 years old, living in the \"Bronze Age\" of mankind, about 3800 years ago. Her body was well preserved in an extremely dry environment, and when she was found again, she was not only still wearing the white felt hat she had when she was \"asleep\", but also her hair and eyelashes were intact, with the oldest cheese (funerary objects, possibly food for the afterlife). \u003Cu>She left an eternal smile as if she had just fallen asleep\u003C/u>.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nThe unique culture created by the ancient northern Eurasian people has long been interrupted, and they no longer exist in the form of the so-called \"purebred\"; or, assuming that this group of people still lives today, then they are like the so-called \"Europeans\" or \"East Asians\". They can also be defined as an independent \"lineage group\" because some of their genetic characteristics are completely different from other Eurasian people.\n\nAlthough it no longer continues to this day in the form of \"purebred\" populations, the genes of ancient northern Eurasian people are still largely retained in modern populations, with important genetic contributions to Native Americans, Europeans, ancient Central Asians, South Asians and some East Asian populations. * * More than half of the world's population has genomes ranging from about 5% to 40% from this ancient population * *.\n\nIt is not difficult to understand that all groups of people today, whether East Asians, Europeans, West Africans, South Africans, or Americans, etc., are actually the result of multiple large-scale integration. The skin color, eyes, hair color, etc. of the crowd are constantly changing, and the speed is beyond imagination.\n\nThere has never been a so-called \"single\", \"purebred\", or \"mainstream\" crowd in human history.**Integration is the main theme throughout**.\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n## References\n\n\n\n《人类起源的故事 : 我们是谁，我们从哪里来》 大卫·赖克；叶凯雄 胡正飞[译]；浙江人民出版社 2019-06\n\n《人类六万年：基因中的人类历史》张振 李辉；文化发展出版社 2019-09\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_North_Eurasian\" target=\"_blank\">Ancient North Eurasian\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10427291/\" target=\"_blank\">The Siberian Paleolithic site of Mal'ta: a unique source for the study of childhood archaeology\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture)\n[Mal'ta-Buret' Culture (Upper Palaeolithic\" target=\"_blank\">Mal'ta–Buret' culture \u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/CulturesMaltaBuret.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Mal'ta-Buret' Culture (Upper Palaeolithic) (Central Asia & Siberia)\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","What is the Marta-Brett culture? Who were the ancient northern Eurasian people (ANE)? This article explains this 24000-year-old Siberian culture, its genetic contributions, and its relationship with the Little River Princess.","Marta-Brett Culture 24000 Years Ago: Mysterious Ancient People That Changed Half the World's Population","The Siberian ancients 24000 years ago were actually one of the common ancestors of Europeans, Native Americans, and Central Asian ancients. A text to understand the ancient Eurasian northern people.","en",0.7,[24,32,39,46,54,62,70,78,86,94,102,109,116,123,130,137],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"15e0df576bbc43d88d2498755e8f8c87","Late Paleolithic Revolution","upper-paleolithic-revolution","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276687125_720_1760335975390_Palm2.jpg","2026-02-25T20:16:43","2026-02-28T16:28:26","About 50000 years ago, our race experienced something very special: just as Athena in Greek mythology injected soul into mankind, mankind suddenly possessed unprecedented figurative artistic creativity. This event, known as the \"Late Paleolithic Revolution\", is a watershed in the history of human evolution.",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"a6ba6edf177e46d1a6a29093808c3d50","The emergence of metal products in the Americas","earliest-metal-artifacts-in-peru-appeared","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277962517_720_1764053945703_Jiska2002.jpg","2026-03-05T14:18:52","Around 2000 BC, the earliest metal products in the Americas appeared in Peru, mainly gold and copper ornaments, with gold necklaces from Jiskairumoko ruins as key evidence. At the same time, the Maya entered the early pre-classical period.",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":44,"description":45},"4c5c07a38ee646688b1917110cb09598","Chengtoushan, China’s earliest city","earliest-citie-in-china","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277030867_720_000124_1711414904136.jpg","2026-02-28T01:05:28","The ancient city of Chengtou Mountain, about 6300 years ago, is the earliest known city in China and belongs to the Daxi culture. This article describes the archaeological discoveries of its age, city walls, rice farming, houses and tombs.",{"id":47,"name":48,"keywords":4,"slug":49,"author":7,"ogImage":50,"isBlog":4,"createDate":51,"updateDate":52,"description":53},"6964d3585c484e9992c13df47ab89f63","The earliest copper ore experiment","earliest-metallurgical-experiments","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277004934_720_1762739010884_Diyarbakır32.jpg","2026-02-28T00:54:22","2026-03-04T22:24:03","When did the earliest human metallurgical experiments begin? How did malachite, fire and pottery technology lead to copper smelting? This article introduces the technological revolution from copper ore to the Bronze Age.\n",{"id":55,"name":56,"keywords":4,"slug":57,"author":7,"ogImage":58,"isBlog":4,"createDate":59,"updateDate":60,"description":61},"ab79c75d543241bab8ca314d00c981c0","Jericho, the first walled city in human history.","jericho-first-city-with-wall","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276977877_720_1762316667873_Jericho52.jpg","2026-02-28T00:34:28","2026-02-28T00:37:54","Jericho is the world's earliest walled city, more than ten thousand years ago. This paper systematically introduces the archaeological truth of the Talsudan site, the former pottery neolithic culture, the stone tower, the city wall and the biblical story.",{"id":63,"name":64,"keywords":4,"slug":65,"author":7,"ogImage":66,"isBlog":4,"createDate":67,"updateDate":68,"description":69},"634c89277e8b44548fdd77457621def0","Gobekli Tepe","gobekli-tepe","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276927213_720_1761552687193_Bobekli_Tepe62.jpg","2026-02-27T21:36:46","2026-03-04T22:22:19","What is Göbekli Tepe? Its dating, structure, carvings, builders, and significance. This article introduces the oldest large-scale religious site, predating the pyramids and overturning our understanding of human prehistory.",{"id":71,"name":72,"keywords":4,"slug":73,"author":7,"ogImage":74,"isBlog":4,"createDate":75,"updateDate":76,"description":77},"4f7f68664ec94053856b5cb629a4be94","Domestication of dogs","domestication-of-dogs","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276806239_720_1761533583097_Domestication_of_the_dog52.jpg","2026-02-27T19:32:55","2026-03-04T22:16:03","Dog is the first animal domesticated by human beings. What kind of process did it go through from gray wolf to domestic dog? When and where did it originate? This paper systematically explains the domestication history, archaeological evidence and genetic truth of dog.",{"id":79,"name":80,"keywords":4,"slug":81,"author":7,"ogImage":82,"isBlog":4,"createDate":83,"updateDate":84,"description":85},"56d7cb86a53c4401aeeff2c9fd93f6b5","Gravitt Culture","gravettian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276753186_720_1762675867705_Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg","2026-02-27T13:38:11","2026-03-04T22:21:42","What is Gravitt culture? Age, tools, Venus statues, Songgil tombs, Dorny Vestonietzsche ruins, one article to understand the glorious culture of European prehistory.\n",{"id":87,"name":88,"keywords":4,"slug":89,"author":7,"ogImage":90,"isBlog":4,"createDate":91,"updateDate":92,"description":93},"37fb4d2375284b3a9b4176a9419a9ced","Orina Culture","aurignacian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276727955_720_1760411643106_rhinos-chauvet-cave.jpg","2026-02-27T11:05:34","2026-03-04T22:19:11","What is Aorina culture? Age, distribution, tools, murals and sculptures (Chauvius Caves, Lions, Hochler Fellows Venus).",{"id":95,"name":96,"keywords":4,"slug":97,"author":7,"ogImage":98,"isBlog":4,"createDate":99,"updateDate":100,"description":101},"f04ff6cc20b3488dacfcbe9207617d3a","The earliest modern humans outside Africa","earliest-modern-humans-outside-africa","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276488308_720_1760335068948_Misliya.jpg","2026-02-26T23:51:57","2026-03-04T22:28:04","Where are the earliest modern fossils outside Africa and how many years ago? This article introduces key sites such as Kafze and Misria, and combs the real timeline of modern people coming out of Africa.\n",{"id":103,"name":104,"keywords":4,"slug":105,"author":7,"ogImage":106,"isBlog":4,"createDate":107,"updateDate":107,"description":108},"4cd7766ae5ee468ea48aa3adba7941a9","The establishment of the Roman Republic","the-establishment-of-the-roman-republic","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291076578_720_1769589582052_Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.jpg","2026-03-07T23:45:15","In 509 BC, Rome bid farewell to the royal government and opened a republic. An in-depth analysis of Polybius's theory of \"mixed polity\" and Monson's \"peer-to-peer, annual\" logic of checks and balances. Learn how Roman citizens, through power design, prevented the re-birth of the despotic monarchy.",{"id":110,"name":111,"keywords":4,"slug":112,"author":7,"ogImage":113,"isBlog":4,"createDate":114,"updateDate":114,"description":115},"118dd65be46847a6a11b5fe6745beec8","The Battle of Thermopylae","battle-of-thermopylae","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773992089939_leonidas-i720.jpg","2026-03-20T19:07:09","In 480 BC, the Battle of Thermopylae erupted. Led by King Leonidas, a force of several thousand Greek allies held the narrow pass against overwhelming odds, delaying the Persian army and buying crucial time for the Greek coalition to regroup and ultimately turn the tide. This epic stand has since become a legendary chapter in military history.",{"id":117,"name":118,"keywords":4,"slug":119,"author":7,"ogImage":120,"isBlog":4,"createDate":121,"updateDate":121,"description":122},"1ff11f790154484882c2330ce9ee4dc8","Themistocles built the Athenian navy.","themistocles","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773996650171_493BC.jpg","2026-03-20T16:49:25","Themistocles used the revenues from the Laurion silver mines to build the Athenian fleet, construct ports and fortifications, and lay the foundations of Athens’ maritime supremacy. Yet in his later years, he was subjected to ostracism and died in exile in Persia.",{"id":124,"name":125,"keywords":4,"slug":126,"author":7,"ogImage":127,"isBlog":4,"createDate":128,"updateDate":128,"description":129},"8491c1ef3dc54813ba4607d84e439959","The First Punic War ended.","the-end-of-the-first-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773821870368_The_Oath_of_Hannibal2.jpg","2026-03-18T19:25:41","After the defeat of Carthage in the Battle of Egardi in 241 BC, Rome ended the first Punic War in 23 years through the Peace of Catullus, taking control of Sicily and becoming the overlord of the Western Mediterranean.",{"id":131,"name":132,"keywords":4,"slug":133,"author":7,"ogImage":134,"isBlog":4,"createDate":135,"updateDate":135,"description":136},"433c14dafc584a86b8e5819dbf62deec","Battle of Himera","battle-of-himera","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889155192_Ancient-Carthage.jpg","2026-03-19T14:08:23","In 480 BC, the Battle of Himera erupted. Gelon, the tyrant of Syracuse, led a coalition of Greek forces to defeat the massive Carthaginian army, thereby thwarting Carthage’s westward expansion into Sicily and marking a pivotal victory for Greek civilization in the western Mediterranean.",{"id":138,"name":139,"keywords":4,"slug":140,"author":7,"ogImage":141,"isBlog":4,"createDate":142,"updateDate":142,"description":143},"ff04bebabfe340d2816979640f79735a","The Sicilian War of Attrition","first-punic-war-sicilian-confrontation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773836795285_1773641026266_Altar-of-Domitius-Ahenobarbus2.jpg","2026-03-18T19:05:47","The First Punic War entered the Sicilian War of Attrition. Rome captured Palermo, but was defeated in the Battle of Drepana. Hamilka Baca held the western fortress of Carthage with guerrilla tactics, and the war fell into a long stalemate.",1774515946834]