[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":137},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-ashurbanipal-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"亚述巴尼拔","ashurbanipal","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290515108_720_1765955683708_Ashurbanipal2.jpg","article","2026-03-12T12:57:17","2025-12-17T15:06:53",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"Assyrian Banibal","Assyrian Banibal: The Last Powerful Assyrian King and the Peak of the Ancient World","Assyrian Bannibal | The last powerful Assyrian king conquered Egypt and perished in the library of Elan Assyrian Bannibal","Assyria,AssyrianEmpire,AssyrianBannibal,Library","## The last mighty King of Assyria\n\nAssyrian Banibal (Ashurbanipal, 668 BC -630 BC) called himself \"King of the World\". During his reign, Assyria was the largest empire in the world, from \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Cyprus\" lon=\"33\" lat=\"35\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Cyprus\u003C/span> in the west to Iran in the east, and at one point included Egypt. Its capital, \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nineveh\" lon=\"43.1517\" lat=\"36.3557\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Nineveh\u003C/span> (in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Iraq\" lon=\"43.6848\" lat=\"33.2209\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">Iraq\u003C/span> ), is the largest city in the world. At this time, the Greek city-states that had not yet risen (such as \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Athens\" lon=\"23.7231\" lat=\"37.9751\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Athens\u003C/span> and \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sparta City\" lon=\"22.4208\" lat=\"37.0758\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Sparta\u003C/span>) were still in their infancy, and the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Rome City\" lon=\"12.5113\" lat=\"41.8919\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Roman city\u003C/span> that was later all-powerful was only a small settlement; in the far east, the Indian subcontinent was preparing to enter \"The Period of Nations\", while China at that time was in the \"Spring and Autumn Period\" of princes \".\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"  https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1766048542408_AshurbanipalKingOfAssyria.jpg\" alt=\"Ashurbanipal\" width=\"60%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">Ashurbanipal\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Assyrian Banipal (Ashurbanipal, 668 BC -630 BC).\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1766039145913_2018_Ashurbanipal_Nineveh.jpg\" alt=\"亚述军团\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineveh\" target=\"_blank\">Nineveh\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">A relief of the walls of the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nineveh\" lon=\"43.1517\" lat=\"36.3557\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Nineveh city\u003C/span>, during the Assyrian Bannibal period, depicts a heavily armed Assyrian legion from 645-640 BC. The British Museum.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nAssyrian Banibal was lucky. When he was a prince, he received systematic etiquette and military training. His goal was to become a great ruler. In addition to following his father in the court to learn the skills of governance, he was also responsible for the intelligence work of the empire. These experiences helped Assyrian Bannibal's understanding of the Empire and his ability to see who potential enemies were.\n\nHowever, after Assyrian Bannibal took the Assyrian throne, another son of Isahaton, Shamash-Shum-Ukin (Shamash-shum-ukin, 668 BC -648 BC), also took the Babylonian throne in the south, although the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon Region\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Babylonian region\u003C/span> at this time was actually an Assyrian vassal and its throne was not attached with absolute power. This may be the instruction of the old Assyrian king, or the result of the compromise within the royal family. I hope that the two will care about \"brotherhood\" and govern the two most important areas of the empire peacefully.\n\nWhen Shamash-Shum-Wujin went to Babylon to succeed to the throne, he also brought the statue of Marduk, which had been looted to \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nineveh\" lon=\"43.1517\" lat=\"36.3557\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Nineveh\u003C/span>, back to \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon City\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Babylon\u003C/span>. This was a very important ritual act, symbolizing the return of Babylon's lost dominion with the permission of the supreme god Marduk. In this regard, his brother Assyrian Bannibal also sent his \"sincere\" blessing:\n\nDuring my reign\n> The great patron, Marduk, returned to Babylon with cheers\n\"I gave power to Babylon again.\n> I appoint my favorite brother Shamash-Shum-Ukin\n> For the ruler of Babylon\n>> \u003Cbr>\n>-Assyrian Bannibal\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765955799404_who-was-ashurbanipal2.jpg\" alt=\"who-was-ashurbanipal\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/who-was-ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">British Museum\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">the \"stele of sacrifice\" of assyrian banibal \". The Assyrian kings had baskets of earth on their heads, implying that they were the pious founders of the temple. This is an ancient tradition in the two river basins, allowing kings to become \"pious builders\" in the eyes of the patron saint, and then obtain \"divine approval\" to strengthen their autocratic kingship. On the left is the new Babylonian king Shamash-Shum-Ujin, and on the right is his brother, Assyribanibal. The two brothers were in the same image, each with a basket of earth on his head to offer earth for the temple of Essajira (Esagila, the most important temple in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon City\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Babylon\u003C/span>) and to pray for the new king of Babylon to ascend the throne.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1766048751769_Combat_between_Assyrians_and_Arabs.jpg\" alt=\"Combat between Assyrians and Arabs\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">Ashurbanipal\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe \u003Cp class=\"description\">is a relief from the palace of Assyrian Bannibal and depicts the Assyrian army fighting the Arabs. The western territory of the Assyrian Empire was sometimes disturbed by Arab nomadic tribes. In this regard, Assyrian Bannibal launched two conquest against Arab tribes, but the exact time was disputed. These Arab battles have received less attention among modern historians, but the longest and most detailed account of these battles is found in the inscriptions of the Assyrian king himself.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1766061620492_The_Royal_lion_hunt_reliefs_from_the_Assyrian.jpg\" alt=\"Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_Hunt_of_Ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">in ancient Assyria, lion hunting was regarded as the exclusive sport of the royal family, which seemed to symbolize the duty of the reigning monarch to protect his people and fight for the kingdom. This set of reliefs depicting the lion-hunting feats of the last great Assyrian monarch, Assyrian Bannibal, was an ornament of his palace in the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nineveh\" lon=\"43.1517\" lat=\"36.3557\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">city\u003C/span> of Nineveh.\n\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## Conquest of Egypt\n\n**The first major event after Assyrian Bannibal ascended to the throne was an expedition to Egypt to complete his father's unfinished business**. Before being defeated by Isaharton, Pharaoh Taharka (Taharqa, 690-664 BC) who fled to Nubia in a mess returned to Egypt. But this time, he was chased by the army of Assyrian Bannibal all the way to Napata, the old capital of the kingdom of Nubia, deep into the interior of Africa almost to the vicinity of the Fourth Falls. The Nubians were largely driven out of Egypt.\n\nSubsequently, Assyria severely punished the governors who participated in the mutiny, and many were executed except for the \"loyal\" governor of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sais City\" lon=\"30.7687\" lat=\"30.9649\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Seis City\u003C/span>, Nico (whose son was pledged as a hostage in Assyria). As was the policy once adopted by the Egyptian Empire, Assyria appointed some \"naturalized\" sons of Egyptian nobles to rule Egypt in place of Assyria, for example, Psamatik, the son of Nico, was appointed as one of the princes. However, we will soon learn that history has long proved that this unreliable arrangement is completely wishful thinking.After the death of Taharka, who was driven back to the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nubia Region\" lon=\"33\" lat=\"22.5\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Nubian region\u003C/span> again, one of his cousins (or possibly nephews), Tanutamon (Tenuetamun, 664-656 BC), was also the last pharaoh of the 25th dynasty. After Tanutamon's succession to the throne, the Nubian dynasty had virtually lost control of Egypt, but according to legend, the pharaoh had a famous dream that two great serpents were at his side. When Pharaoh woke up, he found someone to interpret his dream. Then a voice said to him, \"The land of the south is yours. Take back the land of the north. There are two goddesses protecting you. This land belongs to you completely. No one can take it away from you.\"\n\nThere are many stories from rulers, and not long ago, our world was still glued together by similar stories. Encouraged by the \"oracle\", the Twenty-fifth Dynasty once again recaptured most of Egypt, and Nico, the puppet of the Assyrians, Governor of Sais, was defeated. The Nubians were able to win mainly because Assyria and its agents had no basis for rule in Egypt, and the local aristocracy did not want to be ruled by Asians with different beliefs.\n\nThe continuous rebellion in Egypt completely angered Assyrian Banibal, so the Assyrian king himself led an expedition to the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The Nile\" lon=\"31.1167\" lat=\"30.9\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Nile\u003C/span>. In 663 B. C., Assyrian and Pusamitik's coalition forces recaptured the delta, and Tanutamon was unable to confront the powerful Assyrian army and had to flee southward. The Assyrian army then sacked \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Thebes City\" lon=\"32.6407\" lat=\"25.6979\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Thebes\u003C/span>, one of the largest cities in the world at that time. The capital, which had been carefully decorated by pharaohs for thousands of years since the 11th dynasty, was looted by violent Assyrian soldiers. The temple of the highest god, Amun-la, was also destroyed, the treasures of gold and silver accumulated over the millennia were taken away, and the obelisk that stood in front of the door was taken away to the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nineveh\" lon=\"43.1517\" lat=\"36.3557\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">city\u003C/span> of Nineveh and offered to the Assyrian god Ashur.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765955969959_the-fall-of-thebes-a-testament-to-divine-judgment-and-historical-fulfillment-nahum2.jpg\" alt=\"the-fall-of-thebes-a-testament-to-divine-judgment-and-historical-fulfillment\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://christianpublishinghouse.co/2024/02/21/the-fall-of-thebes-a-testament-to-divine-judgment-and-historical-fulfillment-nahum-38-10/\" target=\"_blank\">Christian Publishing House\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">in order to completely overthrow the Nubian rule in Egypt, Assyria advanced towards the southernmost city of Thebes in Egypt and eventually destroyed it. This military action is recorded in the records of King Assyrian Bannibal, specifically in The Rassam cylinder. In addition, a mural in the Assyrian Bannibal Palace also shows the occupation of the city, in which the captives, whose foreheads are decorated with feathers, are believed to be from the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nubia Region\" lon=\"33\" lat=\"22.5\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Nubian region\u003C/span>.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nAssyria punished Egypt severely, but how to manage this distant country was still a big problem, because there were enough Assyrian troops here and the administrative system was too expensive, far beyond the tribute that could be obtained. So Assyria had to leave all the unified Egypt under the full control of Nico's son, Psametik. However, the actual situation was completely beyond the expectations of the Assyrians. Although Psametik received the education of \"Assyrization\" in Nineveh as a hostage, he began to try to get rid of the shackles of the latter after gaining power.\n\nJust a decade later, in 658 B. C., he secretly colluded with the Kingdom of Lydia in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Asia Minor\" lon=\"32\" lat=\"39\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Asia Minor\u003C/span>, gaining the latter's support and launching a rebellion that not only drove the Assyrian power out of Egypt, but also eliminated the influence of the Nubians in the south. Psamatik then arranged for his daughter to be given the religious position of \"the wife of the god Amun. After mastering the secular power and theocracy of Egypt at the same time, he established a national power center, and then ascended the throne as Pusamitik I (Psamtik I, 664 BC -610 BC), and founded the 26th Dynasty., Also known as the \"Sayth Dynasty\", he himself ruled Egypt for nearly half a century.**Beginning with Isahaton, the Assyrian Empire continued to take pains to conquer Egypt, but eventually made wedding clothes for others**.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765956085800_assyrian-soldiers-engaging-with-nubian-soldiers2.jpg\" alt=\"assyrian-soldiers-engaging-with-nubian-soldiers\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8418/assyrian-soldiers-engaging-with-nubian-soldiers-at/\" target=\"_blank\">World History\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">relief shows the scene of the Assyrian army attacking \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Memphis Egypt\" lon=\"31.2614\" lat=\"29.8511\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Memphis\u003C/span> (Memphis), an important city in Egypt, and commemorates the great victory of Assyrian Bannibal over Egyptian pharaoh Taharka (Taharqa, 690-664 BC) in 667 BC.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765956188700_assyrian-soldiers-engaging-with-nubian-soldiers32.jpg\" alt=\"assyrian-soldiers-engaging-with-nubian-soldiers\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source:\u003Ca href =\"\nhttps://www.worldhistory.org/image/8418/assyrian-soldiers-engaging-with-nubian-soldiers-at/\" target=\"_blank\">World History \u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">the enlarged detail in the upper left part of the picture above, modern people can intuitively feel the cruelty of the Assyrian army's siege war. Note that in the lower right corner, two Assyrian soldiers hold up the heads of their enemies in celebration. The armies of the Assyrian Empire were indeed brutal, but which ancient empire was \"benevolent\"? Perhaps Assyria's reputation for cruelty was only due to the fact that their unique art form preserved scenes that were commonplace in ancient times. People generally have \"compassion\", in fact, is quite late, but 200 or 300 years, not earlier. In addition, human society can actually easily degenerate into the scenes depicted in the relief......\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## Demise the Kingdom of Elam\n\nDespite his troubles, Assyrian Bannibal had no time to take care of distant Egypt at this time. Soon after the Lydia Kingdom sent troops to help Egypt, the powerful nomadic forces from the steppe, the Simmerians (Cimmerians), who were also the enemies of Assyria, invaded Lydia, and these barbarians with great war potential also brought great pressure to the northern border of the Assyrian Empire. But the greater danger comes from the traditional enemy location of the two river valleys and Assyria, the kingdom of Elam to the east. At almost the same time as the rebellion in Egypt, King Tuman of Elam (Teumman, 664 BC -653 BC) led his army and began to march on \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon City\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Babylon\u003C/span>. Elam dared to provoke the powerful Assyrian Empire for a reason. The good brother of Assyrian Bannibal, Samash-Shum-Ujin, king of Babylon, had long been discontented with subjugation, and therefore colluded with the external enemy in an attempt to overthrow Assyrian Bannibal's throne and replace it.\n\nBut the king of Elam and the king of Babylon seem to have miscalculated the situation. Assyrian Bannibal, who had already received the news, attacked Elam first, and his army crossed the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Tigris River\" lon=\"39.7703\" lat=\"38.4333\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Tigris River\u003C/span> into Elam's hinterland and defeated Elam's army. The inscription in Nineveh states: \"The bodies of Elam's soldiers blocked the river, and King Thuman of Elam fled\". The defeated King of Elam finally failed to escape, and the Assyrians received his head.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765956305833_Hamanu2.jpg\" alt=\"Hamanu\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nSource: The British Museum\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Splunder of the Elamite city of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Hamath\" lon=\"36.7492\" lat=\"35.1366\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Hamanu\u003C/span>. about 645-635 BC.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765956510188_Teumman2.jpg\" alt=\"Teumman\" width=\"60%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/234663001\" target=\"_blank\">British Museum\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Elam archers struggled to protect the injured king Thuman (Teumman), the half kneeling in the picture. The relief records the tragic moment 3,000 years ago. According to the inscription's description of the war: \"The wounded King Elam fled to a forest under the protection of his eldest son, but the chariot they were riding in shattered. King Elam was crushed under the car and shouted in despair. His personal guards protected him with bows and arrows, but in the end they failed.\"\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765956584630_Close-ups-showing-Teumman-at-the-moment-of-and-after-death-Nineveh-Southwest-Palace.png\" alt=\"Close-ups-showing-Teumman-at-the-moment-of-and-after-death-Nineveh-Southwest-Palace_fig2_357451613\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Close-ups-showing-Teumman-at-the-moment-of-and-after-death-Nineveh-Southwest-Palace_fig2_357451613\" target=\"_blank\">Research Gate\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Assyrian soldiers cut off the head of Thuman king of Elam and offered it to Assyrian Bannibal.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765956688847_who-was-ashurbanipal42.jpg\" alt=\"who-was-ashurbanipal\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href =\"\nhttps://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/who-was-ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">British Museum \u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">this relief describes the \"pleasant\" scene of Assyrian Bannibal and the queen drinking in the garden. The king and his wife raise their glasses under the vine to celebrate. Their seats and beds are very delicate. Food is placed on the dining table. A group of maids and musicians provide them with considerate services. Birds stay or fly over in the trees and sky, which is a peaceful scene of singing and dancing. And the head of the King of Assyria's enemy, King Thuman of Elam, was suspended from the great tree that the King of Assyria could see. Assyrian Bannibal must have enjoyed this bloody and comfortable time of victory, tasting the wine and admiring the stinking and rotting heads of his enemies. And modern people \"facing the sea, spring flowers\", this is a refreshing blessing in life, right? But carefully taste, and how chilling......\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">For modern civilized countries, the government should first be a \"service organization\". Even the top leader should have is only a job. Civilization does not need kings.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n### Brothers Struggle with the Catastrophe of Babylon\n\nAfter the Assyrian army bloodwashed the kingdom of Elam, the power struggle within the Assyrian royal family also developed into a white-hot. In 652 B. C., the Babylonian king Shamash-Shum-Ukin assembled his army to attack Cuthah, a city on the Assyrian border. Some troops who had spontaneously arrived from Elam because of hatred also joined the Babylonian side. A fight broke out between the two brothers. But Assyrian Bannibal finally defeated the Babylonian army, and his brother Shamash-Shum-Ukin and the rebels were surrounded in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon City\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Babylon\u003C/span>. After three years of the tragic siege, there was a cannibaly situation in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon City\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Babylon\u003C/span>, but it still failed to hold the city.\n\nAs a result, the city that made Assyria \"restless\" forever, a city that was slaughtered and destroyed not long ago by Sennacherib, the grandfather of Assyrian Bannibal, and flooded with river water, but then rebuilt and restored by his father Isahaton, was now destroyed again because of the anger of the Assyrian king: \"**Babylon is a land of trouble... This time, I will leave no one alive, I will tear up their bodies and feed them to dogs to pigs, wolves to eagles, birds to fish!**\"\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1766038487768_Ashurbanipal_inspects_booty_and_prisoners_from_Babylon_645-640_BCE.jpg\" alt=\"亚述巴尼拔检阅战利品和俘虏\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">Ashurbanipal\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Assyrian Banipal inspected spoils and captives in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon City\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Babylon\u003C/span>, 645 BC -640 BC. The British Museum.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nAccording to some romantic descriptions, Samash-Shum-Ujin, king of Babylon, set fire to his palace and set himself on fire to death in order not to be captured by his brother, the king of Assyria. Assyrian Bannibal buried the attempted usurper with due ceremony, and then arranged for a puppet named Kandaru to sit on the throne of Babylon in the ruins.\n\n### Extinguish the civilization of Elam\n\nAfter solving the Babylonian problem, Assyrian Bannibal again pointed the finger to the east, with those Elamite states on the Iranian plateau constantly plotting against Assyria, hoping to solve the threat from the east \"once and for all. This time, **the Assyrian army did bring a devastating blow to the kingdom of Elam**. It is said that all the cities of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Elam City\" lon=\"52\" lat=\"29\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Elam\u003C/span> were not spared, and all the temples and palaces of Elam were looted and razed to the ground. The surviving Elam people were moved to other places. Even the dead remains of Elam kings were dug up from the tombs by Assyrian soldiers and brought back to Assyria as trophies:\n****\n> I have destroyed all the temples of Elam.\n> Turn the gods and goddesses who live in them into ghosts\n> I will dig up the graves of their kings\n> Bring the bones to Assyria\n> I stopped the dreams of these wild ghosts\n> Deprived of their sacrifices and funerals\n> Let these ghosts never rest\n>> \u003Cbr>\n>-Assyrian Bannibal\n\nAssyria's attack on Elam civilization was very successful. Although the customs and many characteristics of Elam people will still be inherited by later generations, such as Persia, Elam's era as an independent political force has ended forever, and the Elam country, which lasted for more than two thousand years, has since become history. However, we will soon see that **lost the enemy around us, and also lost the barrier that can stop the enemy from farther away. The Assyrian Empire also soon ushered in the bitter fruit**. Stay tuned for the follow-up from Big History Online.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1766038145496_I_am_Ashurbanipal_king_of_the_world_king_of_Assyria.jpg\" alt=\"亚述处决埃兰人\" width=\"90%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">Ashurbanipal\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">A relief depicting an Elamite leader with his tongue cut and stripped alive.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1766038737574_2018_Ashurbanipal_-_Siege_of_Hamanu.jpg\" alt=\"Siege of Hamanu\" width=\"90%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">Ashurbanipal\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Panoramic relief of a siege during the Assyrian conquest of Elam, 645-635 BC.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765956410516_who-was-ashurbanipal32.jpg\" alt=\"Siege of Hamanu\" width=\"90%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/who-was-ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">British Museum\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">The Assyrian army besieged the city of Elamite, which is a detailed display of relief.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## Library of Assyrian Bannibal\n\n**Assyrian Bannibal was not only a great conqueror and cruel ruler, he was also a relatively rare and highly cultured king in the ancient Near East**. He encouraged cultural prosperity, and during his reign Assyrian literature and art achieved brilliant development. Among them, relief is one of the iconic art forms of Assyrian civilization, like ancient Greek sculpture, Shang and Zhou bronzes, or Renaissance Italian art and so on. The relief decorations in the palace of Nineveh are rare in such works, which vividly show the scenes of war, hunting and royal life.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765956789754_who-was-ashurbanipal52.jpg\" alt=\"who-was-ashurbanipal\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/who-was-ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">British Museum\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">A relief depicts the scene of the hunting of lions by Assyrian Banibal, dating from about 645 BC -635 BC. The king ordered a series of such reliefs to decorate the walls of his palace, which later became some of Assyria's most famous artistic treasures.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765957000500_Ashurbanipal-fight-a-lion2.jpg\" alt=\"Ashurbanipal-fight-a-lion\" />\n\u003Cspan>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">King Assyrian Banibal (Ashurbanipal, 668 BC -630 BC) hunts lions, about 645-640 BC. In order to proclaim the king's \"greatness\", the relief even describes the fictional story of Assyrian Bannibal \"strangling\" a male lion with his hands. Perhaps because of some scruples, the characters carved by Assyrian craftsmen (artists), especially the image of the king, are relatively old-fashioned, but the performance of animals is very vivid.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nBut what Assyrian Bannibal is most praised by later generations is **a large library he built in the Nineveh palace, and it is also the first library in West Asia with systematic functions, the\" Assyrian Bannibal Library\"**. It is said that Assyrian Banibal once regarded the collection of various books as the \"top priority\" of the empire. In order to obtain as much book information as possible, he sent monks and scribes to various parts of the empire to collect Sumerian and Babylonian documents, and finally collected more than 30,000 clay slabs. The contents of these books cover a wide range, including both religious classics and literary works, including the epic of gilgamesh, which has been circulated for more than 1000 years, as well as magic, astrology, language, medicine, history, law, prose, poetry, letters, etc., and even some materials related to mathematics, chemistry and botany at that time.\n\nClay boards are, after all, books, and books have been an out-and-out luxury in most periods of history. However, unlike the effect of collecting LV bags, at that time, Assyrian Barnebal, who liked to read, seemed to be among the best scholars (controversial, but at least when he expressed his opinions, other scholars would listen modestly). Through reading, he learned to act in line with the standards of monarchy, familiar with the way to master the royal power, should also receive the training of real scholars and literati:\n\n> \"I (Assyrian Bannibal) learned the skill of the wise Adapa, the secret knowledge of all the arts of writing; I knew the images of heaven and earth well, and could discuss them at the assembly of scholars; I could debate with the divination about the Liver of the Heavenly Mirror; I could solve complex division and multiplication; I had read the wonderful texts of obscure Sumerian and Akkadian; I carefully studied the cuneiform symbols on the stones before the Great Flood. They are mysterious, incomprehensible and confusing\".\n>> \u003Cbr>\n>-Assyrian Bannibal\n\nThe so-called \"liver of the celestial mirror\" is the knowledge of using animal viscera for divination. **At that time, people in the two river basins believed that the liver of animals was a\" mirror image \"reflecting the will of heaven, which could predict the future, and was also the main research object of the king and think tank team at that time**. Before carrying out any major event, whether it is the appointment or dismissal of important officials, the launching of a war, or the conspiracy of a rebellion, the participants are required to preach. Such as astrology, or slaughtering a sheep and interpreting its internal information to obtain the will of \"God. Of course, if the interpretation is wrong, you can only bear the anger of \"God. On the whole, no matter from the perspective of influence and practical effect, the work of the priests at that time was basically consistent with the achievements of modern experts on various domestic and international issues.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765957611020_ashurbanipal-last-great-ruler-of-assyria-and-his-famous-well-organized-library2.jpg\" alt=\"ashurbanipal-last-great-ruler-of-assyria-and-his-famous-well-organized-library\" width=\"90%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"\nhttps://www.ancientpages.com/2021/06/21/ashurbanipal-last-great-ruler-of-assyria-and-his-famous-well-organized-library/\" target=\"_blank\">Ancient Pages\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">Contemporary bronze statue of Assyrian Barnibal, at the San Francisco Library, United States. People in later generations are more likely to remember this iron-blooded Assyrian king who is obsessed with books, because he built the world's first library with the goal of \"gathering the knowledge of the world\", that is, the Assyrian Bannibal Library. Many precious historical materials have been passed on to this day.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765957846213_The-Rassam cylinder2.jpg\" alt=\"The Rassam cylinder\" width=\"40%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nCredit: British Museum CC BY-NC-SA 4.0\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Rassam Cylinder (The Rassam cylinder) is a cuneiform archive of a cylinder in the shape of a ten-sided prism, dated 643 BC and unearthed in 1854 at the site of Nineveh. The assyribanibal succession is recorded, along with nine important military campaigns. The British Museum.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nIn fact, **knowledge is the only thing in this universe that belongs only to human beings**; Other things, whether gold, diamonds, or blood, bones or DNA that make up our bodies (don't think DNA is \"mine\", for all species of life individuals, we are just the same set of genetic mechanisms, an \"expression\" in different time and space; this expression began about 3.8 billion years ago, and it has only recently been with human participation), and the elements that make up them will never disappear, even at the end of time.\n\n**But knowledge is different. It can only be produced with human civilization, and it will disappear with the demise of civilization. And it is these abstract beings from memory that really define us**.\n\nIn 612 BC, less than twenty years after the death of Assyrian Banibal, the Assyrian dynasty was destroyed. After the capture of the capital, Nineveh, the enemy set the entire city on fire, and **benefited from the baking of the fire, but the large amount of clay tablets in the Assyrian Banibal Library were better preserved**. After suffering the catastrophe of blood and fire, they were buried under the ruins of the once glorious palace. More than two thousand years later, it was not until 1845 to 1854 that these precious clay documents were excavated, and they were seen again, and they also reminded mankind of many stories. At present, many clay plates are preserved in the British Museum.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765958010554_who-was-ashurbanipal62.jpg\" alt=\"who-was-ashurbanipal\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/who-was-ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">British Museum\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Some of the books found in the ruins of the Assyrian Banibal Library in are now in the British Museum.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n**Assyrian Banibal was a powerful king, a scholar of knowledge, an excellent hunter, and a bloody conqueror of extreme rage** (he was certainly not a humanist). His achievements and brilliance are undoubtedly based on the pain and tears of all living beings, and his story is interesting and cruel. This is the commonality of the rulers of history (all of them?), and of almost all of them, except that the average person has little chance of being an \"Assyrian Banibal.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1765955683708_Ashurbanipal2.jpg\" alt=\"Ashurbanipal\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.historyofinformation.com/image.php?id=3429\" target=\"_blank\">History of Information\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">this exquisite relief from Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, is an ornament of the palace and depicts the last great ruler of the Assyrian Empire, Assyrian Banibal (Ashurbanipal, 668 BC -630 BC), hunting lions.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nFinally, let's read a poem more than two thousand years ago to see if the desire and romance of human beings have changed in the slightest?\n\n> I, Assyrian Bannibal,\n> Great king, extraordinary king\n> King of the universe, King of Assyria, King of the Quartet\n> Dominate the sea, and the mountains from high to low\nThe gods have given me boundless wisdom\n> I have a keen insight into the most profound learning (which my descendants knew very little about)\n> I put these clay books in the library in Nineveh\n\"Be with my soul and guard my kingship all my life.\"\n>... \u003Cbr>\n>-Assyrian Bannibal\n\nAs we'll talk about later, the empire at its peak declined rapidly after Assyrian Bannibal, and its demise was jaw-dropping......\n\nThe author of this article, Claude He, is also the builder and maintainer of the \"Big History Online Platform\". Thank you for your attention to this application!\n\n## References\n\n\n\n《古代亚述简史》；卡伦·拉德纳；颜海英 常洋铭[译]；外语教学与研究出版社 2021-04\n\n《亚述：世界历史上第一个帝国的兴衰》；[美] 埃卡特·弗拉姆；翟思诺[译]；中信出版社 2024-11\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire\" target=\"_blank\">Neo Assyrian Empire\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://www.worldhistory.org/assur/\" target=\"_blank\">Assur\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurbanipal\" target=\"_blank\">Ashurbanipal\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineveh\" target=\"_blank\">Nineveh\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","Assyrian Banibal was the last powerful monarch of the Assyrian Empire. He conquered Egypt, washed Elam with blood, established the world's earliest systematic library, and witnessed the empire's demise from its peak.","Assyrian Bannibal: A lifetime to conquer countless iron rulers and guardians of civilization","He was an invincible conqueror, destroying Thebes and destroying Elam, yet building libraries to preserve mankind's earliest epics and knowledge. The empire that flourished and declined wrote the final chapter in his hands. Come and get to know the king of Assyria who was so beautiful that he ended up buried with the Assyrian civilization.","en",0.7,[24,31,38,45,52,59,66,73,80,87,94,101,108,115,123,130],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"f8304c66f2b045f7a815f7ea2099a720","The Assyrian Empire fell.","fall-of-the-assyrian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290720458_720_1765958465332_assyrian-sculpture2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:52:40","After the death of Assyrian Banibal, the empire declined rapidly. The allied forces of Middy and New Babylon conquered Nineveh, slaughtered the city and burned the capital. The Assyrian Empire, which was in full bloom for a while, completely perished and opened a new pattern in the Near East.",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":36,"description":37},"4c8d31293f804624bffefd2d1ea19c6f","The New Elam Period and the Demise of Civilization","neo-elamite-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290418284_720_1765426853042_Assyria.jpg","2026-03-08T17:09:12","From 1100 to 600 BC, the New Elam period witnessed the end of the Elam civilization in two thousand years. This article details the brutal conquest of the Assyrian Empire, the destruction of the city of Susa, and how the Persians inherited the heritage of Elam and established the Achaemenid dynasty, restoring the true epic of the change of hegemony in the Near East.",{"id":39,"name":40,"keywords":4,"slug":41,"author":7,"ogImage":42,"isBlog":4,"createDate":43,"updateDate":43,"description":44},"51b4e0f9e3524c139d87f1b1a38eb20c","Tigrat-Parachar III","tiglath-pileser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770284171892_720_1765296079488_Tiglath-Pileser-III.jpg","2026-03-06T14:19:18","Tigrat-Palachar III ended the century-old downturn in Assyria, reshaped the empire with military expansion, provinces and forced migration, conquered Syria, Israel and Babylon, and opened the pinnacle of the new Assyrian empire.",{"id":46,"name":47,"keywords":4,"slug":48,"author":7,"ogImage":49,"isBlog":4,"createDate":50,"updateDate":50,"description":51},"9f11da900d9848398368d30d24938f22","Isaahutton","esarhaddon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290469728_720_1766043729754_Esarhaddon.jpg","2026-03-06T20:45:30","Isaharton calmed the civil strife on the throne, rebuilt the city of Babylon burned by his father, defeated the nomads, conquered Egypt, and pushed the Assyrian Empire to the pinnacle of territory and national power.",{"id":53,"name":54,"keywords":4,"slug":55,"author":7,"ogImage":56,"isBlog":4,"createDate":57,"updateDate":57,"description":58},"a291a35272134469a0e52c33bd90430d","Sinakerib","sennacherib","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290298209_720_000208_1756711796420_Shalmaneser2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:31:38","Sennakeri put down the Babylonian rebellion, captured Rajish, besieged Jerusalem, and went on an expedition across the sea to Elam. Eventually, he was killed by his son for burning Babylon and blaspheming the gods, leading to a tragic ending.",{"id":60,"name":61,"keywords":4,"slug":62,"author":7,"ogImage":63,"isBlog":4,"createDate":64,"updateDate":64,"description":65},"6f160e044d9746719e46813a9a720117","Sargon II","sargon-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290188197_720_1765381393252_Sargon_II_Iraq_Museum.jpg","2026-03-06T15:35:57","Sargon II usurped power to ascend the throne, broke through Samaria and destroyed the northern state of Israel, defeated Urartu, conquered Babylon, and built the new Capital of Dulsarukin, pushing the New Assyrian Empire to its peak.",{"id":67,"name":68,"keywords":4,"slug":69,"author":7,"ogImage":70,"isBlog":4,"createDate":71,"updateDate":71,"description":72},"a52b682c703e40d486cc8e53d5ceaf9d","Shalmaneser III","shalmaneser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283552160_720_000198_1719297007970.jpg","2026-03-06T16:39:41","Salmanasar III established the first standing army and cavalry of Assyria, launched the battle of Kalkar, and forced the king of Israel Jehu to become a minister. In his later years, the dispute over the storage position triggered civil strife and started Assyria's 100-year downturn.",{"id":74,"name":75,"keywords":4,"slug":76,"author":7,"ogImage":77,"isBlog":4,"createDate":78,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"f47d08d0746749e5aea8e5d9782a912f","Assyrian Nassipa II","ashurnasirpal-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283512693_720_1764649387343_Ashurnasirpal_II.jpg","2026-03-06T16:14:03","Assyrian Nassipa II rebuilt Assyrian hegemony, set the city of Gala (Nimrud), and went west to the Mediterranean Sea to deter the four sides with brutality, opening the way for the expansion of the new Assyrian empire.",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"3524f33073f74ca791a2a0a0ff9f05a7","Neo-Assyrian Period-The Rise of the Empire","rise-of-neo-assyrian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283423294_720_1765171787724_Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.jpg","2026-03-06T13:56:34","Neo-Assyria evolved from a regional power into an empire. Tiglath-Pileser III inaugurated the imperial era, subjugating Mesopotamia, Syria, and Egypt through ruthless military campaigns and establishing Assyria as the dominant power in the Near East.",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":4,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":4,"createDate":92,"updateDate":92,"description":93},"25ba976e4a84473b9de6275248fa4e61","Assyria destroyed the Kingdom of Israel","assyrian-conquest-of-kingdom-of-israel","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290212077_720_000199_1719298485539.jpg","2026-03-06T22:15:27","Due to the decline of the kingdom of Israel due to civil strife, the last king Hochia United against Assyria was seen through, and Sargon II broke through Samaria and exiled 27000 Israelites, creating the mystery of \"the ten lost tribes.",{"id":95,"name":96,"keywords":4,"slug":97,"author":7,"ogImage":98,"isBlog":4,"createDate":99,"updateDate":99,"description":100},"8820943b2e914f3fbf4e0d800cdedea9","The Kingdom of Uraltu Gone from Prosperity to Decline","downfall-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283909164_720_000211_1756708741113_Tushpa2.jpg","2026-03-06T14:29:19","Relying on the Armenian plateau, the Urartu Kingdom rose up and fought for hegemony with Assyria for a long time. Under the attack of Tigrat-Parachar III and Sargon II, the Urartu Kingdom turned from prosperity to decline, and finally died in the Medes and the Skeites.",{"id":102,"name":103,"keywords":4,"slug":104,"author":7,"ogImage":105,"isBlog":4,"createDate":106,"updateDate":106,"description":107},"f333b8c658284bbe972044ceb1050132","The Assyrian “Queen” Shamash-shum-ukin","sammu-ramat","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283677165_720_1766136016849_semiramis.jpg","2026-03-06T16:58:40","Samu-amat, queen shamsh-adad v and regent empress dowager of adadnilari III, stabilized assyria after the rebellion and became the true prototype of queen Semiramis in Greek mythology.",{"id":109,"name":110,"keywords":4,"slug":111,"author":7,"ogImage":112,"isBlog":4,"createDate":113,"updateDate":113,"description":114},"67b7d4fb8e24411eb742391ff809de5e","The Kingdom of Urartu arose.","rise-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283635458_720_1765176259767_Urartian_arch_near_Van._1973.jpg","2026-03-08T18:32:44","Urartu was the \"Kingdom of Fortresses\" on the plateau of ancient Armenia \". This article details how it withstood the Assyrian Empire with its stone castle, its era-leading iron smelting technology, and the Semiramis Canal and other engineering wonders. Explore this mysterious mountain civilization that disappeared in the 6th century BC.",{"id":116,"name":117,"keywords":4,"slug":118,"author":7,"ogImage":119,"isBlog":4,"createDate":120,"updateDate":121,"description":122},"56cb3572d0204baca29ad9a49ba0ba43","The Second Expansion of Central Asia","tiglath-pileser-i","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283141726_720_000185_1719457481669.jpg","2026-03-06T12:49:39","2026-03-06T12:50:03","Tiegrat-Parachar I led the Central Asia to expand again, westward to the Mediterranean, east to Elam, south to Babylon, but quickly returned to the core area after his death.",{"id":124,"name":125,"keywords":4,"slug":126,"author":7,"ogImage":127,"isBlog":4,"createDate":128,"updateDate":128,"description":129},"90ea45dba4aa49178779c487004c272f","The dormant period of Babylon","babylon-assyrian-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283020766_720_1765021165321_nebuchadnezzar-1.jpg","2026-03-06T10:37:50","After the Bronze Age, Babylon experienced a succession of short-lived dynasties, ranging from the brief glory of Nebuchadnezzar I to its eventual subjugation as an Assyrian vassal. This section examines the rise and fall of Babylon during its period of dormancy, set against the broader historical context of the time.\n",{"id":131,"name":132,"keywords":4,"slug":133,"author":7,"ogImage":134,"isBlog":4,"createDate":135,"updateDate":135,"description":136},"a262f5ad066f49f7b8214176ae282a63","Touruti-Ninurta I","tukulti-ninurta-i","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282869066_720_1765000072741_Tukulti-Ninurta-I.jpg","2026-03-06T10:19:43","Tulkuti-Ninurta I pushed the Central Asian syria to its peak, conquered Babylon and severely hit the Hittites, but died in civil strife at the court, and Assyria fell into silence immediately.\n",1774515947296]