[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-the-truceless-war-zh":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"雇佣兵战争","the-truceless-war","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778586890725_241bc-mercenary-war32.jpg","article","2026-05-12T22:13:22","2026-05-09T15:08:00",{"name":5,"h1Title":13,"title":14,"subtitle":4,"keywords":15,"content":16,"overview":4,"description":17,"ogTitle":18,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"雇佣兵战争：迦太基史上最血腥残忍的内乱","雇佣兵战争：第一次布匿战争后迦太基的残酷内战历史","雇佣兵战争,无道战争,迦太基,哈米尔卡,斯庞迪斯,马托斯,锯齿山战役,古代战争史","雇佣兵战争（Mercenary War），又称“无道战争”（Truceless War），发生在公元前 241 年至公元前 238 年之间。它是古代史上最惨烈、最残酷的内战之一，紧随第一次布匿战争之后爆发，几乎将迦太基推向灭亡。\n\n## 雇佣兵战争的爆发\n\n第一次布匿战争结束后，迦太基战败，被迫向罗马支付巨额赔款。此时，约有2万名曾随哈米尔卡·巴卡在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sicily Island\" lon=\"14.0154\" lat=\"37.6\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西西里岛\u003C/span>作战的雇佣军需要被解散，并返回北非。迦太基政府因财政压力，试图克扣或推迟支付这批士兵的军饷；一种说法认为，当时的雇佣军是年薪制，士兵要求全额支付，而迦太基的元老们认为战争已经结束，因此只应按半年的雇佣期来支付军饷。最终，这批久经战阵的老兵从西西里撤回北非后，聚集在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Carthage City\" lon=\"10.3205\" lat=\"36.8518\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">迦太基城\u003C/span>外，引发严重危机，而迦太基元老院仍打算拖延，矛盾被激化，双方谈判随即破裂。\n\n于是，这支混杂有\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Libya\" lon=\"17.2692\" lat=\"26.3347\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">利比亚\u003C/span>人、\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Iberian Peninsula\" lon=\"-4.08756\" lat=\"40.483\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">伊比利亚\u003C/span>人、高卢人、希腊人等各色人种的雇佣军发动全面兵变，领导者为来自\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Campania Region\" lon=\"14.9206\" lat=\"40.9106\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">坎帕尼亚\u003C/span>的斯庞迪斯（Spendius）与利比亚人马托斯（Mathos）。叛军迅速攻占了迦太基城以南的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Tunis City\" lon=\"10.1817\" lat=\"36.8064\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">突尼斯城\u003C/span>（Tunis），控制了交通要道，并切断了迦太基城的后勤补给线。不久后，事件进一步发酵，迦太基在北非的附属利比亚人因长期遭受重税与压迫，纷纷响应起义，叛乱规模进一步扩大，叛军总兵力膨胀至约 7 万人。叛军还包围了迦太基的港口城市\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Utica\" lon=\"10.0629\" lat=\"37.0581\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">乌提卡\u003C/span>（Utica）与\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Hippo\" lon=\"9.86389\" lat=\"37.2778\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">希波城\u003C/span>。此时迦太基兵力空虚、海军残破，在一系列失败中已经濒临崩溃。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.39/1778316870414_Hamilcar-Barca32.jpg\" alt=\"hamilcar-barca\" width=\"100%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca\" target=\"_blank\">hamilcar-barca\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">这枚迦太基谢克尔银币铸造于雇佣兵战争时期，约公元前 241—238 年，铸币地点为北非一处尚未确定的造币场。钱币正面为赫拉克勒斯头像，头戴涅墨亚狮皮；背面图案则为一头伫立的雄狮，狮子上方的腓尼基字母 M 可能代表马托斯（Mathos） ，他是起义的领袖之一。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.39/1778316939918_mercenary-war2.jpg\" alt=\"mercenary-war\" width=\"100%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercenary_War\n\" target=\"_blank\">mercenary-war\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">迦太基的半谢克尔金币。根据历史学家波利比乌斯的记载，公元前241年哈米尔卡的雇佣兵从西西里归来时，收到的第一笔款项很可能就是这种金币。显然，很多曾经在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sicily Island\" lon=\"14.0154\" lat=\"37.6\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西西里岛\u003C/span>为迦太基浴血奋战的士兵，他们没能得到期望的报酬，引发了残酷的悲剧。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n在这个危急关头，迦太基元老院启用在西西里战功卓著的将领哈米尔卡统帅军队，后者迅速组建起一支由公民兵、战象与忠诚的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Numidia\" lon=\"6.5\" lat=\"36\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">努米底亚\u003C/span>骑兵组成的小规模部队。他避开叛军主力，以机动战术与地形优势，在巴格拉达斯河战役中击败叛军前锋，随后解除了乌提卡之围。\n\n起初，哈米尔卡采取怀柔政策，释放投降的雇佣军，试图分化瓦解叛军。但公元前239年，迦太基派出了一位高官与雇佣兵谈判，不料雇佣兵竟扣押了这位高官，砍去他的四肢，削掉他的耳鼻，最后竟将这位谈判代表活埋。我们并不知道这种极不道德的事件因何发生，但斯庞迪斯和马托斯很可能并不愿看到双方和解，因为一旦讲和，他们作为叛军首领的处境恐怕不会很好。总之，有人故意制造了流血事件，切断了和平解决的可能性，而内部语言不通的雇佣兵们，唯一的共同点只剩下愤怒。\n\n随后又发生了一系列更为血腥的对抗，叛军残酷杀害迦太基俘虏；而哈米尔卡也决定以牙还牙。他宣布不再接受投降，抓获的俘虏直接让战象踩成肉泥。这种“互相比恶”的状况迫使双方陷入无宽恕、无谈判的极端残暴对抗，战争彻底沦为相互之间的肆意屠杀，也是所谓“无道战争”的由来。\n\n战争末期，哈米尔卡将数万叛军围困在名为“锯齿山”（The Saw）的峡谷中。由于补给被完全切断，被围困的叛军在极度饥饿中开始同类相食——先吃掉俘虏，再吃掉奴隶。当哈米尔卡最终发起进攻时，所有残留的叛军都在极度绝望的境遇下被处死。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.39/1778317040794_battle-of-the-saw2.jpg\" alt=\"battle-of-the-saw\" width=\"50%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saw\" target=\"_blank\">battle-of-the-saw\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">叛军在一片被称作 “锯齿山”的地区陷入绝境、饥饿待毙，此场景由保罗・比费（Paul Buffet）于 1894 年绘饰呈现。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.39/1778317136364_mercenary-war32.jpg\" alt=\"mercenary-war\" width=\"50%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saw\" target=\"_blank\">battle-of-the-saw\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">19世纪法国插画家笔下的斯庞迪斯及其副官被处以十字架刑的情景。作为叛军首领之一，斯庞迪斯在“锯齿山战役”失败后被捕。迦太基名将哈米尔卡为了报复叛军此前虐杀迦太基将领的行为，将他在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Tunis City\" lon=\"10.1817\" lat=\"36.8064\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">突尼斯城\u003C/span>墙外公开处以极刑。叛军的另外一位首领马托斯也被生擒，并在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Carthage City\" lon=\"10.3205\" lat=\"36.8518\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">迦太基城\u003C/span>内遭受酷刑后处死。这场持续了三年零四个月的浩劫正式结束。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---","发生在公元前241年至公元前238年的雇佣兵战争（又称无道战争），是第一次布匿战争后爆发于迦太基的极度残忍内战。本文详细解析战事的爆发原因、关键战役及哈米尔卡平定叛乱的全过程。","雇佣兵战争：迦太基史上最血腥残忍的“无道战争”","军饷纠纷引发7万人大兵变！解析哈米尔卡如何将叛军逼入“锯齿山”绝境，揭秘古代历史上最残忍的内战之一。","zh",0.7,[23,33,42,51,60,69,78,87,96,105,114,123,132,141,150,159],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":26,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":29,"createDate":30,"updateDate":31,"description":32},"433c14dafc584a86b8e5819dbf62deec","希梅拉战役","希梅拉战役,盖隆,哈米尔卡一世,西西里","battle-of-himera","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889155192_Ancient-Carthage.jpg",1,"2026-01-16T18:53:47","2026-07-23T21:41:29","公元前 480 年希梅拉战役爆发，叙拉古僭主盖隆率希腊联军击败迦太基大军，终结迦太基西进西西里计划，成为西地中海希腊文明的关键胜利。",{"id":34,"name":35,"keywords":36,"slug":37,"author":7,"ogImage":38,"isBlog":29,"createDate":39,"updateDate":40,"description":41},"aba73b3472c5466a9947cc249556571b","强权之下的腓尼基城邦","腓尼基,迦太基,推罗,西顿","phoenician-city-states-vassalized-to-great-powers","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283572590_720_1765465371446_Assyrian_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_Walters.jpg","2025-12-11T19:13:33","2026-07-22T18:00:59","腓尼基城邦凭借商业与航海称霸东地中海，却先后沦为亚述、新巴比伦、波斯附庸，最终在亚历山大攻陷推罗后，结束海洋霸主时代。",{"id":43,"name":44,"keywords":45,"slug":46,"author":7,"ogImage":47,"isBlog":29,"createDate":48,"updateDate":49,"description":50},"502c9a2d858b47d6abbe73689a36096a","腓尼基人发明字母","腓尼基,迦太基,字母,海上文明","phoenician-alphabet","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283245495_720_1764751678142_Phoenician-alphabet.jpg","2024-06-25T14:05:44","2026-07-22T10:23:59","腓尼基人为商业贸易创造出 22 个辅音字母，成为希腊字母、拉丁字母的始祖，彻底改变了人类文字与文明传播方式。",{"id":52,"name":53,"keywords":54,"slug":55,"author":7,"ogImage":56,"isBlog":29,"createDate":57,"updateDate":58,"description":59},"e9664909b8fc41d59904ab5e7176de60","腓尼基人的“商业帝国”","腓尼基,比布鲁斯,西顿,推罗,迦太基","commercial-empire-of-phoenicians","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283116128_720_1764752565785_Coin_of_Abdashtart_Achaemenid_Phoenicia.jpg","2024-06-25T13:53:11","2026-07-22T09:51:56","腓尼基人以比布鲁斯、西顿、推罗为核心，建立起地中海最大商业网络，开拓殖民地、垄断奢侈品贸易，串联起西亚与北非文明。",{"id":61,"name":62,"keywords":63,"slug":64,"author":7,"ogImage":65,"isBlog":29,"createDate":66,"updateDate":67,"description":68},"bab4aeef907a4486b09e73a4a4d0ea98","腓尼基人的商业城邦","腓尼基,商业殖民城邦,海上文明,迦太基","early-commercial-colonial-city-states-of-phoenicians","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278501054_720_1764051793893_Phoenician_maritime_expansions_across_the_Mediterranean.jpg","2025-11-18T20:09:22","2026-07-21T17:43:03","腓尼基人依托地中海地理优势，发展航海与手工业，建立独立商业城邦，构建地中海东部早期贸易网络，影响深远。",{"id":70,"name":71,"keywords":72,"slug":73,"author":7,"ogImage":74,"isBlog":29,"createDate":75,"updateDate":76,"description":77},"d0c364ad9a734bf381c0eba23ad89af1","腓尼基人与海洋文明","腓尼基,迦太基,海洋文明,推罗,西顿","early-city-states-of-phoenicians","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277469379_720_1763910929199_L_Shaped_Byblos.jpg","2025-10-31T15:54:17","2026-07-20T13:09:54","腓尼基人是世界上最早的海洋文明民族，以航海、贸易和殖民闻名，建立比布鲁斯、迦太基等城邦，深刻影响地中海古代文明格局。",{"id":79,"name":80,"keywords":81,"slug":82,"author":7,"ogImage":83,"isBlog":29,"createDate":84,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"f77439bc374d47d6a738373cc900017a","迦太基城的建立","迦太基,腓尼基,布匿","establishment-of-carthage","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283657313_720_1765467646917_Dido.jpg","2024-07-10T15:37:51","2026-03-12T10:23:51","公元前9世纪，腓尼基公主狄多在北非建立了迦太基。本文解析迦太基如何从一个避难商站演变为地中海最强大的商业帝国，探讨布匿文化与希腊殖民者的冲突背景，以及它如何成为罗马注定的宿敌。",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":90,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":29,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"c9c2069607dc4ddb81df7f159c2477cc","迦太基帝国","迦太基,马尔丘斯,马戈王朝","the-rise-of-the-carthaginian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889543432_Carthage32.jpg","2026-03-19T10:02:22","2026-05-09T16:41:16","迦太基是腓尼基人在北非建立的殖民帝国，凭借海军与贸易称霸西地中海，历经马尔丘斯、马戈一世扩张，成为罗马崛起前的地中海强权。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":99,"slug":100,"author":7,"ogImage":101,"isBlog":29,"createDate":102,"updateDate":103,"description":104},"ff04bebabfe340d2816979640f79735a","西西里消耗战","第一次布匿战争,哈米尔卡,巴勒莫战役,德雷帕纳海战","first-punic-war-sicilian-confrontation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773836795285_1773641026266_Altar-of-Domitius-Ahenobarbus2.jpg","2026-03-16T13:21:00","2026-03-19T13:50:14","第一次布匿战争进入西西里消耗战，罗马攻占巴勒莫，却在德雷帕纳海战惨败；哈米尔卡・巴卡以游击战术坚守迦太基西部要塞，战争陷入长期僵持。",{"id":106,"name":107,"keywords":108,"slug":109,"author":7,"ogImage":110,"isBlog":29,"createDate":111,"updateDate":112,"description":113},"34dd3ef76ca940138120fc08db55098c","阿拉利亚海战","阿拉利亚海战,福西亚,迦太基,地中海霸权","battle-of-alalia","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889166419_battle-of-alalia3.png","2026-03-19T10:04:22","2026-03-19T13:44:54","公元前 540 - 前 535 年阿拉利亚海战爆发，希腊福西亚人对阵迦太基与伊特鲁里亚联军，这场海战彻底重塑西地中海势力格局，终结希腊西进殖民之路。",{"id":115,"name":116,"keywords":117,"slug":118,"author":7,"ogImage":119,"isBlog":29,"createDate":120,"updateDate":121,"description":122},"4c6669ee00cb4318a52b69c064c91e7c","盖隆时代的叙拉古","盖隆,哈米尔卡,叙拉古,希梅拉战役","syracuse-in-the-age-of-gelon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773835732572_1773816624938_Gelon2.jpg","2026-03-18T14:48:01","2026-03-18T20:18:50","盖隆于公元前485年成为叙拉古僭主，通过移民集权、希梅拉战役大胜迦太基，缔造叙拉古黄金时代，使其成为西地中海希腊文明核心强权。",{"id":124,"name":125,"keywords":126,"slug":127,"author":7,"ogImage":128,"isBlog":29,"createDate":129,"updateDate":130,"description":131},"cdd3eb803e6f4e86956355300f73f2c7","雅典德拉古立法","希腊,雅典,德拉古立法,赛伦暴动","draconian-constitution","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290677319_720_1766468453361_draco.jpg","2025-12-17T21:00:56","2026-07-23T19:53:21","德拉古立法是雅典第一部成文法，以严酷著称，轻罪即死刑，虽确立法治形式，却未能解决社会矛盾，为梭伦改革埋下伏笔。",{"id":133,"name":134,"keywords":135,"slug":136,"author":7,"ogImage":137,"isBlog":29,"createDate":138,"updateDate":139,"description":140},"57e1f5e6a5ab4450a016eaf54d9ae0ac","夏王朝之少康中兴","太康失国,少康中兴,夏朝,夏商","loss-of-xia-kingdom-by-taikang-and-revival-under-shaokang","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278056874_720_000182_1718263355114.jpg","2024-05-14T13:46:53","2026-07-20T22:38:31","少康中兴是夏朝由衰转盛的关键事件，也是中国历史上第一个以 “中兴” 命名的时代，见证夏朝中断后重新复国并走向强盛。",{"id":142,"name":143,"keywords":144,"slug":145,"author":7,"ogImage":146,"isBlog":29,"createDate":147,"updateDate":148,"description":149},"fc5753d375714420b9fbe0bc5b6b1664","以色列联合王国分裂","以色列,犹太,以色列联合王国分裂,罗波安,耶罗波安","division-of-united-kingdom-of-israel","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283444369_720_1765173514774_Achav_palace_2.jpg","2025-11-20T19:49:14","2026-07-22T13:55:01","所罗门王晚年失政，其子罗波安即位后以色列联合王国正式分裂为北以色列与南犹大，两国长期内耗，先后沦为亚述、巴比伦的附庸。",{"id":151,"name":152,"keywords":153,"slug":154,"author":7,"ogImage":155,"isBlog":29,"createDate":156,"updateDate":157,"description":158},"480a16c534384973ba79c9e547c5cff5","迈锡尼文明消亡","迈锡尼文明,古希腊,荷马","demise-of-mycenaean-civilization","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283067928_720_1765026506785_Large_Krater_with_Armored_Men_Departing_for_Battle_Mycenae_acropolis_12th_century_BC.jpg","2024-05-16T19:27:41","2026-07-22T09:32:47","迈锡尼文明为何突然崩溃？是海上民族入侵、多利亚人南下，还是内部经济崩溃与内战？一文看懂古希腊文明的重大转折。",{"id":160,"name":161,"keywords":162,"slug":163,"author":7,"ogImage":164,"isBlog":29,"createDate":165,"updateDate":166,"description":167},"2e59b4b4c9544b098a99238b3aa94133","埃及新王国时期","埃及新王国,埃及第十八王朝","new-kingdom-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278374545_720_1764154848757_Ramses_II_besieging_the_Cheta_people_in_Dapur.jpg","2025-09-16T21:05:51","2026-07-21T17:11:52","新王国是古埃及最鼎盛的帝国时代，阿赫摩斯一世驱逐希克索斯人，图特摩斯三世开疆拓土，拉美西斯二世留名青史，见证埃及文明的巅峰辉煌。"]