[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":151},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-roman-annexation-of-sardinia-and-corsica-zh":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"罗马吞并撒丁岛与科西嘉岛","roman-annexation-of-sardinia-and-corsica","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778586878932_228bc-nora-italy.jpg","article","2026-05-13T17:18:08","2026-01-17T11:59:14",{"name":5,"h1Title":13,"title":14,"subtitle":4,"keywords":15,"content":16,"overview":4,"description":17,"ogTitle":18,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"乘虚而入的霸权：罗马吞并撒丁岛与科西嘉岛始末","罗马吞并撒丁岛与科西嘉岛：第一次布匿战争后的“趁火打劫”","罗马吞并撒丁岛,罗马吞并科西嘉岛,罗马共和国","罗马吞并\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sardinia Island\" lon=\"9.28345\" lat=\"40.0781\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">撒丁岛\u003C/span>（Sardinia）与\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Corsica Island\" lon=\"9.08333\" lat=\"42.15\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">科西嘉岛\u003C/span>（Corsica）是第一次布匿战争的直接延续，也是罗马确立西\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>霸权的关键一步。\n\n## 苦涩的和平\n\n这两座岛屿位于意大利半岛以西，是西地中海的关键地理节点。撒丁岛面积广阔，拥有肥沃的冲积平原和丰富的铅、银、锌矿藏，自古以来就是地中海重要的粮食和原材料供应地。科西嘉岛位于撒丁岛北部，地形以山地为主，覆盖着茂密的森林，能为古代造船业提供核心木材资源。在第一次布匿战争（前264 年-前 241 年）前，两岛上的主要港口与贸易据点都长期处于迦太基（Carthage）帝国控制范围内，不仅是帝国维护西地中海航运与粮食供应的重要网点，还构成了迦太基海上防御体系的前哨阵地，能够有效阻断意大利半岛向西扩张的步伐。\n\n公元前241年，长达23年的第一次布匿战争结束。\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Rome City\" lon=\"12.5113\" lat=\"41.8919\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">罗马城\u003C/span>与\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Carthage City\" lon=\"10.3205\" lat=\"36.8518\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">迦太基城\u003C/span>签署了《卢塔提乌斯和约》，该和约明确规定迦太基必须撤出\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sicily Island\" lon=\"14.0154\" lat=\"37.6\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西西里岛\u003C/span>及其附近的小岛，并支付大量战争赔款。值得注意的是，由于当时撒丁岛和科西嘉岛并非主战场，因此该和约并未明确界定这两座岛屿的归属权。在法理上，两岛在战后初期依然被看做是迦太基的领土。不过这种模糊的归属状态也为后来罗马的介入埋下了伏笔。\n\n## 罗马人的趁火打劫\n\n第一次布匿战争严重削弱了迦太基的国力与海军，为罗马的扩张创造了条件。\n\n公元前 241 年，迦太基因财政枯竭无力支付雇佣军饷，引发“雇佣兵战争”（The Mercenary War），本土陷入内战危机，无暇顾及海外领地，在混乱中，驻扎在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sardinia Island\" lon=\"9.28345\" lat=\"40.0781\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">撒丁岛\u003C/span>的迦太基雇佣军也发生了叛变。他们屠杀了当地的迦太基官员，并向罗马求援。起初，罗马表现得颇为“克制”和“守约”，拒绝了叛军献城的请求，甚至还协助迦太基，为后者提供补给。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.39/1778316342066_hamilcar-barca2.jpg\" alt=\"hamilcar-barca\" width=\"100%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca\n\" target=\"_blank\">Hamilcar Barca\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">这枚迦太基谢克尔银币铸造于雇佣兵战争时期，约公元前 241—238 年，铸币地点为北非一处尚未确定的造币场。钱币正面为赫拉克勒斯头像，头戴涅墨亚狮皮；背面图案则为一头伫立的雄狮。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n然而，到了公元前 238 年，当迦太基名将哈米尔卡・巴卡（Hamilcar Barca，约前 275 年－前 228 年）即将平定内乱时，罗马的态度发生了 180 度大转弯。此时，罗马不仅出兵占领两岛，还无端宣称迦太基平定叛乱的军事动员，实则是针对罗马的宣战准备。于是，当撒丁岛的叛军再次请求罗马保护时，罗马元老院接受了请求，并以迦太基违反和约、重启战端为借口，出动舰队与陆军武力占领了这两座岛屿。面对迦太基的强烈抗议，罗马态度极其强硬且傲慢，将占领行为包装成对迦太基 “蓄意备战、威胁罗马” 的惩罚。\n\n深陷内战的迦太基无力反抗，被迫放弃两岛主权，并额外支付\u003Cstrong>1200 塔兰特白银\u003C/strong>的追加赔款，罗马就此彻底完成对两岛的吞并。公元前 227 年，罗马正式将两岛合并设立\u003Cstrong>科西嘉与萨丁尼亚行省\u003C/strong>，这是罗马继西西里行省之后的第二个海外行省。\n\n行省由元老院派遣的大法官（Praetor，也称副执政官）实行直接统治，首府位于\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Carales\" lon=\"9.11111\" lat=\"39.2278\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">卡拉莱斯\u003C/span>（Carales，今卡利亚里）。 在占领初期，两岛内陆原住民长期反抗罗马统治，罗马花费数十年镇压，直至公元前 2 世纪才完全掌控两岛。此后，罗马及其继承者统治该地区长达 694 年，直到公元 456 年汪达尔人的入侵。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.39/1778316474184_sardinia-and-corsica.png\" alt=\"sardinia-and-corsica\" width=\"50%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia_and_Corsica\" target=\"_blank\">Sardinia and Corsica\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">卡拉莱斯出土的马赛克镶嵌画，年代不详。画中描绘的人物为俄耳甫斯（Orpheus），他是希腊神话中技艺超群的音乐家与诗人，他曾以琴声驯服猛兽、动摇草木，甚至勇闯冥界试图救回爱妻欧律狄刻（Eurydice），却因在离开前夕忍不住回头一瞥而永远失去了她。\n\n相较于共和国后来在东方取得的疆域（如公元前 1 世纪并入的埃及行省），罗马对\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Corsica Island\" lon=\"9.08333\" lat=\"42.15\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">科西嘉岛\u003C/span>与\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sardinia Island\" lon=\"9.28345\" lat=\"40.0781\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">撒丁岛\u003C/span>的征服，战略优先级和历史名气相对更低。罗马人普遍将两座岛屿的内陆视作蛮荒落后、不宜人居的区域，这一认知很大程度源于当地恶劣的自然环境：现代考古与学术研究证实，早在两千多年前，疟疾就已是这里的地方性流行病，常年肆虐岛内。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n此次吞并让罗马彻底封锁了意大利半岛西侧的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Tyrrhenian\" lon=\"9.85\" lat=\"44.0167\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">第勒尼安海\u003C/span>（Tyrrhenian），不仅让半岛西海岸的贸易安全得到了保障，也确立了西\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>的战略霸权。两岛后来还成为罗马重要的粮食与资源基地，为罗马日益增长的人口提供了稳定的补给，而矿产资源则充实了国库，支撑了后续罗马在北意大利和西班牙的扩张。\n\n这次趁火打劫式的领土吞并，也彻底改写了迦太基的国家战略与地中海的争霸格局。迦太基举国上下均认定，罗马在和平时期强夺盟友领土、无端索要赔款的行为，是彻底背弃和约精神的背信之举，极大激化了两国矛盾，其中哈米尔卡・巴卡统领的巴卡家族对罗马的仇怨最为深重。为弥补领土与财政损失、积蓄复仇力量，迦太基将战略重心转向\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Iberian Peninsula\" lon=\"-4.08756\" lat=\"40.483\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">伊比利亚\u003C/span>半岛，全力经营西班牙领地，而这一战略调整，也成为\u003Cstrong>第二次布匿战争爆发的核心诱因之一\u003C/strong>，地中海世界的冲突此后也变得愈发剧烈了。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.39/1778316581686_sardinia-and-corsica32.jpg\" width=\"90%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia_and_Corsica\" target=\"_blank\">Sardinia and Corsica\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nora Site\" lon=\"9.01586\" lat=\"38.9847\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">诺拉遗址\u003C/span>（Nora）中色彩斑斓、图案复杂的地面马赛克，年代可能为公元 2 世纪末或 3 世纪初，主要装饰在当时的豪宅和公共浴场中。这类华丽的装饰证明了即便在被视为‘多瘴气’的岛屿，沿海城市依然享受着高度罗马化的生活。另外，诺拉遗址也是\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sardinia Island\" lon=\"9.28345\" lat=\"40.0781\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">撒丁岛\u003C/span>上最重要、最迷人的考古遗迹之一，常常被看做是该岛上的第一座城市。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.39/1778316674818_nora-italy2.jpg\" alt=\"nora-italy\" width=\"90%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nora,_Italy\" target=\"_blank\">Nora Italy\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">这是目前撒丁岛上发现的唯一一座罗马剧场，大约建于公元 40 年左右，能够容纳近千名观众。尽管大部分建筑石材在 16-17 世纪被拆走用于建造周边的塔楼和房屋，但其扇形座位区的底部框架和地基依然保存清晰。这座面朝大海的剧场见证了罗马文明在撒丁岛海岸线的繁荣。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 参考资料 \n\n《古罗马帝国的辉煌》；赵林；人民邮电出版社 2023-07\n\n《罗马人的故事》；盐野七生；[译]；中信出版社 2020-07\n\n《迦太基帝国》；[英]阿尔弗雷德·丘奇；刘守旭[译]；浙江人民出版社 2024-07\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca\n\" target=\"_blank\">Hamilcar Barca\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia_and_Corsica\" target=\"_blank\">Sardinia and Corsica\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","本文详解第一次布匿战争结束后，罗马趁迦太基雇佣兵战争内乱，趁火打劫吞并撒丁岛、科西嘉岛的全过程，分析两岛行省设立、战略价值及成为第二次布匿战争诱因的深层历史影响。","罗马吞并撒丁岛与科西嘉岛：罗马西地中海霸权的奠基之战","在迦太基深陷内战之时，罗马以极其强硬的姿态夺取了这两座地中海战略要地。这不仅是罗马霸权的扩张，更是汉尼拔之父哈米尔卡一生之痛。","zh",0.7,[23,31,39,47,55,63,71,79,87,95,103,111,119,127,135,143],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"8fda8f262bb54fab8cc126a9ce38f411","特拉西梅诺湖战役","battle-of-lake-trasimene","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778586900976_217bc-ducarius.jpg","2026-05-12T19:21:23","2026-05-13T19:05:24","深度解析公元前217年特拉西梅诺湖战役。看汉尼拔如何利用大雾与地形，以“堵头、截腰、断尾”战术全歼罗马军团。探讨罗马执政官弗拉米尼乌斯的致命失误，以及这场战役如何彻底动摇了罗马的同盟体系。",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"c93e8025413a4ec7a52f899301532307","坎尼战役","battle-of-cannae","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778586896216_216bc-lucius-aemilius-paullus2.jpg","2026-01-17T12:01:11","2026-05-13T19:16:09","深度复盘公元前216年坎尼战役。从“拖延者”费边的战略防御到汉尼拔的新月阵诱敌战术。看4万迦太基军如何围歼8万罗马军团，解析这场西方军事史上最经典的以少胜多合围歼灭战。",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":45,"description":46},"ea03fa9ca68143f8af593ac2dbfd3dec","萨贡托危机","saguntum-crisis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778586845860_219bc-quintus-fabius-maximus-verrucosus.jpg","2026-05-11T10:22:41","2026-05-13T18:02:08","深入探讨公元前219年爆发的萨贡托危机。从《埃布罗条约》的地缘漏洞，到汉尼拔长达八个月的残酷围城。解析这座西班牙古城的毁灭如何引发了罗马与迦太基的全面战争，并迫使汉尼拔开启跨越阿尔卑斯山的传奇征途。",{"id":48,"name":49,"keywords":4,"slug":50,"author":7,"ogImage":51,"isBlog":4,"createDate":52,"updateDate":53,"description":54},"d9def30dae8246239ea0daec3ef42495","伊利里亚战争","illyrian-wars","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778586885284_229bc-Illyrian_Wars2.jpg","2026-05-09T15:10:56","2026-05-13T17:54:51","深入解析公元前3世纪末爆发的两次伊利里亚战争。从打击亚得里亚海盗到提乌塔女王的外交失误，再到法罗斯岛德米特里的背叛。看罗马共和国如何通过这两场“后院清理”行动，扫清东部障碍，拉开征服地中海东部的帷幕。",{"id":56,"name":57,"keywords":4,"slug":58,"author":7,"ogImage":59,"isBlog":4,"createDate":60,"updateDate":61,"description":62},"2f9a68ca551e4d5e8aa86a25199ac01f","罗马征服山南高卢","roman-conquest-of-cisalpine-gaul","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778586872429_225bc-battle-of-clastidium.jpg","2026-05-09T15:12:19","2026-05-12T21:48:07","详解古罗马征服山南高卢全过程，从特拉蒙战役大破高卢联军、攻克梅迪奥拉努姆，到建立皮亚琴察、克雷莫纳殖民城市，梳理罗马统一意大利北部、稳固北方边境的历史进程与战略意义。",{"id":64,"name":65,"keywords":4,"slug":66,"author":7,"ogImage":67,"isBlog":4,"createDate":68,"updateDate":69,"description":70},"4cd7766ae5ee468ea48aa3adba7941a9","罗马共和国的建立","the-establishment-of-the-roman-republic","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291076578_720_1769589582052_Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.jpg","2026-01-13T08:59:53","2026-03-20T23:27:28","公元前509年，罗马告别王政开启共和。深度解析波利比乌斯的“混合政体”理论与蒙森的“同僚性、年度性”制衡逻辑。了解罗马公民如何通过权力设计，防止专制君主的再次诞生。",{"id":72,"name":73,"keywords":4,"slug":74,"author":7,"ogImage":75,"isBlog":4,"createDate":76,"updateDate":77,"description":78},"a6b82a0fd59a4ce78812a98f5c34c7b5","第二次布匿战争","second-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778586840091_218bc-hannibal4.jpg","2026-01-13T09:09:54","2026-05-13T18:55:04","梳理第二次布匿战争完整历史脉络，涵盖战争诱因、双方备战、汉尼拔翻越阿尔卑斯山、特雷比亚河战役全过程，解析汉尼拔战略天才与罗马迦太基地中海霸权更迭。",{"id":80,"name":81,"keywords":4,"slug":82,"author":7,"ogImage":83,"isBlog":4,"createDate":84,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"c9c2069607dc4ddb81df7f159c2477cc","迦太基帝国","the-rise-of-the-carthaginian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889543432_Carthage32.jpg","2026-03-19T10:02:22","2026-05-09T16:41:16","迦太基是腓尼基人在北非建立的殖民帝国，凭借海军与贸易称霸西地中海，历经马尔丘斯、马戈一世扩张，成为罗马崛起前的地中海强权。",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":4,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":4,"createDate":92,"updateDate":93,"description":94},"ba466fa2bd764277afaed94930cca1bd","皮洛士战争","pyrrhic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291637619_720_1770035579003_Pyrrhic-War.jpg","2026-01-17T11:50:41","2026-05-08T16:54:23","公元前 280–前 275 年，伊庇鲁斯国王皮洛士两度击败罗马，却付出惨重代价，诞生 “皮洛士式胜利”。罗马最终统一意大利，迈出称霸地中海的第一步。",{"id":96,"name":97,"keywords":4,"slug":98,"author":7,"ogImage":99,"isBlog":4,"createDate":100,"updateDate":101,"description":102},"8937d3fd1b814f4f8fb500f806c3f47d","神话中诞生的雅典","athens-and-her-myths","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283592436_720_1765861793133_Athena.jpg","2025-12-15T20:11:12","2026-05-05T23:08:38","雅典从新石器时代定居点发展为迈锡尼中心，在神话中由雅典娜守护，忒修斯统一阿提卡，成为古希腊文明与民主的发源地。",{"id":104,"name":105,"keywords":4,"slug":106,"author":7,"ogImage":107,"isBlog":4,"createDate":108,"updateDate":109,"description":110},"389f738e7db449048c19be10058c85a6","中国夏朝的建立","establishment-of-xia-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277871973_720_000168_1710133309766.jpg","2025-11-11T16:55:20","2026-02-03T19:58:55","夏朝是中国史书中第一个朝代，约公元前 2070 年由大禹建立，启继位后世袭制取代禅让制，二里头遗址被认为是夏代中晚期都城。",{"id":112,"name":113,"keywords":4,"slug":114,"author":7,"ogImage":115,"isBlog":4,"createDate":116,"updateDate":117,"description":118},"989e5e086ff047f6af30c2c3725857b2","考狄昂峡谷之辱","roman-humiliation-at-caudine-forks","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291557096_720_1770005924895_Caudine-Forks.jpg","2026-02-01T19:27:59","2026-02-03T22:43:59","公元前321年，罗马军团在考狄昂峡谷被迫钻过萨莫奈人的“轭门”。这场奇耻大辱没有击垮罗马，反而催生了阿皮亚大道与中队阵改革。深入探索罗马如何从失败中学习，并最终赢得第二次萨莫奈战争。",{"id":120,"name":121,"keywords":4,"slug":122,"author":7,"ogImage":123,"isBlog":4,"createDate":124,"updateDate":125,"description":126},"c5735a41d07e4ccfa8cdff51907f94b4","《李锡尼法》","lex-licinia-sextia","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291300714_720_1769590535729_Twelve-Tables.jpg","2026-02-01T19:20:46","2026-03-26T22:43:47","《李锡尼法》（Lex Licinia Sextia）是罗马共和史的里程碑。本文解读该法如何通过限制土地兼并、减免债务及强制设立平民执政官，终结了贵族对权力的绝对垄断，确立了权力制衡的共和基石。",{"id":128,"name":129,"keywords":4,"slug":130,"author":7,"ogImage":131,"isBlog":4,"createDate":132,"updateDate":133,"description":134},"118dd65be46847a6a11b5fe6745beec8","温泉关战役","battle-of-thermopylae","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773992089939_leonidas-i720.jpg","2026-01-13T10:20:09","2026-03-20T22:52:28","公元前480年温泉关战役爆发，列奥尼达率数千希腊联军死守隘口，以少抗多迟滞波斯大军，为希腊联军翻盘赢得关键时间，铸就军事史传奇。",{"id":136,"name":137,"keywords":4,"slug":138,"author":7,"ogImage":139,"isBlog":4,"createDate":140,"updateDate":141,"description":142},"1ff11f790154484882c2330ce9ee4dc8","地米斯托克利缔造雅典海军","themistocles","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773996650171_493BC.jpg","2026-01-16T17:43:19","2026-03-20T20:01:12","地米斯托克利以劳里昂银矿收益打造雅典舰队，修建港口与防御工事，奠定雅典海上霸权根基，晚年却遭陶片放逐、客死波斯。",{"id":144,"name":145,"keywords":4,"slug":146,"author":7,"ogImage":147,"isBlog":4,"createDate":148,"updateDate":149,"description":150},"8491c1ef3dc54813ba4607d84e439959","第一次布匿战争结束","the-end-of-the-first-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773821870368_The_Oath_of_Hannibal2.jpg","2026-01-17T11:57:37","2026-03-19T14:11:49","公元前 241 年埃加迪海战大败迦太基后，罗马通过《卡图卢斯和约》结束 23 年第一次布匿战争，掌控西西里并成为西地中海霸主。",1778671290820]