[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-king-den-sandal-label-zh":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":10,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":11,"relatedBlogs":21},null,"登王的凉鞋标签","king-den-sandal-label","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1787122329444_wooden-funerary-sculpture-ma.jpg","article","2026-08-19T13:04:02",{"name":5,"h1Title":12,"title":13,"subtitle":4,"keywords":14,"content":15,"overview":4,"description":16,"ogTitle":17,"ogDescription":18,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":19,"updateDate":10,"createDate":10,"priority":20,"author":7},"登王的凉鞋标签：河马牙上的古埃及帝国宣言","登王的凉鞋标签：大英博物馆馆藏与古埃及第一王朝王权起源","登王凉鞋标签,法老登,第一王朝,大英博物馆,古埃及考古,卡特头巾,阿拜多斯","## 登王的凉鞋标签\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000162/000162_1710143537087.jpg\" alt=\"国王登正在用权杖击打一个俘虏\" width=\"90%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)\" target=\"_blank\">Den (pharaoh)\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">“登王的凉鞋标签”，描绘了国王登正在用权杖击打一个俘虏。登曾对埃及西部沙漠地区和\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sinai Peninsula\" lon=\"33.8333\" lat=\"29.5\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西奈半岛\u003C/span>（Sinai Peninsula）的游牧民族发动过战争，这些俘虏可能就是这些地区的原住民。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 登王的凉鞋标签：河马牙上的帝国宣言\n\n在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The British Museum\" lon=\"-0.126168\" lat=\"51.5192\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">大英博物馆\u003C/span>的展柜中，有一件小得几乎不起眼的文物，一块长仅4.5厘米、宽5.4厘米、厚不足0.2厘米的河马牙牌匾。它比一枚邮票大不了多少，却记录着古埃及第一王朝时期一场决定性的军事胜利，也是人类历史上最早的统治者肖像之一。这就是著名的“登王凉鞋标签”。\n\n这块牌匾大约制作于公元前2985年，来自古埃及第一王朝国王登（Den，在位时期可能为公元前3011年-前2921 年）位于\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Abydos\" lon=\"26.4104\" lat=\"40.1948\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">阿拜多斯\u003C/span>（Abydos）的陵墓。出土后，它辗转落入\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Liverpool\" lon=\"-2.9916\" lat=\"53.4084\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">利物浦\u003C/span>的麦格雷戈牧师收藏之中，因此也被称为“麦格雷戈牌匾”（MacGregor plaque）。1922年，大英博物馆正式购入这件文物。\n\n### 一场“东征首胜”的浮雕记录\n\n牌匾正面雕刻着一幅极具张力的场景：登王头戴一种名为“卡特”（khat）的长头巾，巾上饰有代表王权的圣眼镜蛇，腰间围着缠腰布，身后还垂着一条兽尾，这些都是古埃及王室服饰的典型元素。他的姿态属于古埃及艺术中经典的“击敌”母题：右手高举权杖，左手则揪住一名敌人的头发，将其死死按住。这名敌人已双膝跪地，却仍徒劳地试图举手招架王的一击。从其山羊胡与辫发的发型特征判断，他被认定为一名亚洲游牧民族战士。\n\n牌匾边缘刻有从左至右书写的象形文字铭文，大意为“我完成了对东方的首次打击”，铭文旁还刻有战神韦普瓦特的胡狼旗标。这句“首场胜利”的措辞耐人寻味，不仅暗示着此后还有更多场战争，也从侧面印证了第一王朝的历代国王们，他们为了权力和拓展埃及疆域的野心而始终征战不休。在当时，埃及不仅要应对南方努比亚人部落的侵袭，也要抵御北方来自亚洲的游牧民族威胁。\n\n值得一提的是，这块牌匾还是“卡特”长头巾这一王室服饰最早的实物证据；登王本人也是已知最早佩戴“上\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Lower Egypt\" lon=\"31\" lat=\"31\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">下埃及\u003C/span>双重王冠”的国王，显示出他在王权视觉符号体系上的开创性地位。\n\n与正面的战争场景形成鲜明对比的，是牌匾背面所刻的一双凉鞋图案（\u003Ca href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/602405001\" target=\"_blank\">牌匾背面图像\u003C/a>），虽然左侧部分已因磨损而严重受损，但仍可辨认。根据铭文内容推断，这块小小的河马牙牌匾最初正是系挂在国王凉鞋上的一枚标签或吊饰，这也正是它俗称“登王凉鞋标签”的由来。\n\n这一细节颇具深意：一件如此私人化的普通配饰物，却承载着王朝最重要的军事胜利宣言。这种私人与公共叙事的交织，恰恰反映了古埃及早期王权观念的独特之处：国王的每一件随身之物，都能够变成宣示文治武功和统治“合法性”的载体。\n\n### 早期王权肖像的珍贵范本\n\n在人类艺术史上，能够确切追溯到公元前三千年前后、并明确标注统治者身份的肖像图像屈指可数，而登王的标签与著名的纳尔迈调色板一起，都被认为是现存最古老的统治者形象之一。它们共同证明了早在文字与图像艺术的萌芽阶段，古埃及人便可以娴熟地运用诸如王冠、姿态、铭文等视觉符号，来构建和传播统治者的权威形象。此后，这套视觉语言延续了数千年，深刻影响了整个古埃及文明的王权表达方式。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000159/000159_1710142560517.png\" alt=\"画墓的局部图\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierakonpolis\" target=\"_blank\">Hierakonpolis\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">左侧图案来自著名的“画墓”（一座古埃及早期王陵，约前3500年—前3200年），展现了一种通过“高大形象”和“击杀敌人”来展示王权的艺术手法，这种表现方法一直是古埃及艺术的重要元素之一。右侧则是著名的纳尔迈调色板（年代约公元前3000年），它比“画墓”晚了几百年。纳尔迈（Narmer）被认为是真正统一了上、\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Lower Egypt\" lon=\"31\" lat=\"31\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">下埃及\u003C/span>，并开创了早王朝（约前3100年 — 前2686年）的第一位国王，因此也是古埃及的开国之君。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n也正是因为这种古老的历史与艺术价值，登王的凉鞋标签入选了英国广播公司与\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The British Museum\" lon=\"-0.126168\" lat=\"51.5192\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">大英博物馆\u003C/span>合作策划的著名系列节目及同名著作《大英博物馆世界简史》，成了展示古埃及“早王朝”历史的一扇重要窗口。一块巴掌大小的河马獠牙残片，就这样跨越五千年时光，向今天的我们讲述着一个古老王国，那初露锋芒时的故事。\n\n从这一刻开始，人与人之间的平等关系被打破，而这种原始的关系曾伴随着人类度过了99%以上的历史时光。以后，**“权力”的出现让极少数人能够高举权杖，而作为芸芸众生，我们则必须习惯于生活在随时都可能落下的屠刀前**。也许是为了掩盖权力场的残酷，统治者们还发明了依附于权力或帝国的“神圣”、“荣耀”，“使命”等抽象的装饰物，它们都寄存在这只凉鞋的小小标签上……\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000162/000162_1710143547659.jpg\" alt=\"登墓室中的乌木铭牌\" width=\"100%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EbonyLabelOfDen-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Den (pharaoh)\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">从国王登的墓室中发现的乌木铭牌。右上方的图案中，国王登出现了两次，一次是位于王位上的坐姿，一次似乎在奔跑。中间偏右的标记文字记录了对一座城市的袭击，其他部分的记录是关于登的一个女儿，这位公主患上了一种未知的疾病。登的墓葬中共发现了 136 名男女殉葬者，是早期埃及使用活人祭祀的充分证据之一；这种残酷制度到第二王朝才逐渐废止。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_48.49/1787121989206_wooden-funerary-sculpture-mask-of-king-den2.jpg\" alt=\"第一王朝法老登（Den）本人的面具\" width=\"70%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wooden_funerary_sculpture_mask_of_King_Den._1st_Dynasty,_Old_Kingdom,_Third_Millenium_BC,_2873_BC_-_2859_BC._Abydos_(cropped).jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wooden Funerary Sculpture Mask of King Den\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">这件木制人像面部残件出土于古埃及\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Abydos\" lon=\"26.4104\" lat=\"40.1948\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">阿拜多斯\u003C/span>，距今约5000年；它原是一尊木制雕像的一部分，应该是第一王朝法老登（Den）本人的面具。登（Den）是古埃及第一王朝的重要法老，在位时间较长。他统治时期埃及王权进一步巩固，行政管理和文字记录更加成熟，并留下了大量象牙、乌木标签和印章等文物。登也是目前已知最早在形象中佩戴上\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Lower Egypt\" lon=\"31\" lat=\"31\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">下埃及\u003C/span>双重王冠的法老之一，其陵墓位于阿拜多斯。他的统治反映了埃及统一后早期国家制度逐渐完善的过程。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 参考资料\n\n《\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The British Museum\" lon=\"-0.126168\" lat=\"51.5192\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">大英博物馆\u003C/span>世界简史》尼尔·麦格雷戈；余燕[译]；新星出版社 2017-11\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacGregor_plaque\" target=\"_blank\">MacGregor plaque\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)\" target=\"_blank\">Den (pharaoh)\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---","大英博物馆藏“登王的凉鞋标签”长仅5厘米，却刻画了古埃及法老最早的“击敌”形象。本文解析这件五千年前的河马牙残片，揭示古埃及第一王朝的军事扩张、王权符号体系与早期国家诞生。","登王的凉鞋标签：五千年前刻在河马牙上的绝对权力","比邮票大不了多少的河马牙牌匾，竟记录着古埃及早期最震撼的击敌场景。从卡特头巾到双重王冠，探寻登王如何用一块凉鞋吊饰宣示统治合法性。","zh",0.7,[22,32,41,50,59,68,77,86,95,104,113,122,131,140,149,158],{"id":23,"name":24,"keywords":25,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":28,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"793d630af77441198a83f662a792c89e","阿姆拉陶牛","阿姆拉陶牛,前王朝时期,涅伽达文化,大英博物馆,古埃及墓葬,驯化牛,巴特女神","el-amrah-cattle","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1787038651949_el-amra-cattle.jpg",1,"2026-08-18T10:52:13","2026-09-16T19:26:46","大英博物馆64号展厅陈列的阿姆拉陶牛，出自距今5500年的埃及古墓。本文揭示这组涅伽达一期陶塑背后的驯化历史、气候变迁，以及古埃及先民对来世食物与永恒生存的朴素寄托。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":35,"slug":36,"author":7,"ogImage":37,"isBlog":28,"createDate":38,"updateDate":39,"description":40},"4116ae5cd327460cbbdb34a98262e561","阿舍利手斧","阿舍利手斧,Acheulean手斧,奥杜威峡谷,旧石器时代,史前石器,人类演化,模式2工业,直立人,考古学,大英博物馆","acheulean-handaxe","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/olduvai-handax.jpg","2026-08-14T15:31:34","2026-09-12T13:35:32","阿舍利手斧是旧石器时代最具代表性的大型切割工具之一。它如何从奥杜威石器发展而来，又为何能延续百万年以上？",{"id":42,"name":43,"keywords":44,"slug":45,"author":7,"ogImage":46,"isBlog":28,"createDate":47,"updateDate":48,"description":49},"c5a970c231884a789ff894f6cd855a73","坎特伯雷玉斧","坎特伯雷玉斧,硬玉,新石器时代,大英博物馆,阿尔卑斯山,史前贸易","canterbury-jadeite-axe","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1787121841057_hache-global-fond.jpg","2026-08-19T14:28:45","2026-09-16T14:01:46","一柄出土于英国坎特伯雷的古老玉斧，其石料竟源自数千公里之外的意大利阿尔卑斯山。本文为您揭开这件新石器时代奢侈品背后的身世之谜，展现六千年前欧洲广阔的远距离交流网络。",{"id":51,"name":52,"keywords":53,"slug":54,"author":7,"ogImage":55,"isBlog":28,"createDate":56,"updateDate":57,"description":58},"967524e7a915427ba509ff322e88b220","埃及早王朝时期","埃及早王朝,美尼斯,纳尔迈,埃及第一王朝","early-dynastic-period-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277213131_720_000159_1710142560517.jpg","2023-12-12T14:45:12","2026-08-18T16:30:06","埃及早王朝（前 3100— 前 2686）是古埃及文明开端。本文讲述上下埃及统一、纳尔迈调色板、蝎子王、美尼斯、孟斐斯建都与第一王朝王权确立。",{"id":60,"name":61,"keywords":62,"slug":63,"author":7,"ogImage":64,"isBlog":28,"createDate":65,"updateDate":66,"description":67},"60577df811a341138c9fb6bd7bdb045f","古巴比伦王国灭亡","古巴比伦王国的灭亡,穆尔西里一世,巴比伦第一王朝,巴比伦","downfall-of-old-babylonian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278316887_720_1764148558825_Seals.jpg","2024-02-15T13:24:46","2026-07-21T17:03:23","公元前 1595 年，古巴比伦王国在赫梯入侵、加喜特人渗透及自身内忧下灭亡，虽王国覆灭，但巴比伦文明得以延续。",{"id":69,"name":70,"keywords":71,"slug":72,"author":7,"ogImage":73,"isBlog":28,"createDate":74,"updateDate":75,"description":76},"34e39df252184aa8815f35c6eb150a54","古巴比伦王国","古巴比伦王国,巴比伦第一王朝,汉谟拉比,汉谟拉比法典,巴比伦","first-babylonian-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278113219_720_1764047121010_Cylinder_seal_of_Shulgi.jpg","2025-11-13T16:26:45","2026-07-21T14:56:44","古巴比伦王国由阿摩利人建立，汉谟拉比大帝统一两河流域、颁布《汉谟拉比法典》，后续历经多个巴比伦王朝，是两河流域文明的重要代表。",{"id":78,"name":79,"keywords":80,"slug":81,"author":7,"ogImage":82,"isBlog":28,"createDate":83,"updateDate":84,"description":85},"3430c1759ae64ef28ee275be703e3ff7","马尔塔-布瑞特文化","古代欧亚北部人,马尔塔-布瑞特文化,马尔塔男孩,史前史","malta-buret-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","2025-09-27T19:26:00","2026-06-05T11:21:56","什么是马尔塔 - 布瑞特文化？古代欧亚北部人（ANE）是谁？本文讲解这支 2.4 万年前的西伯利亚文化、基因贡献及与小河公主的关系。",{"id":87,"name":88,"keywords":89,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":28,"createDate":92,"updateDate":93,"description":94},"531a15f538f84f049c2405cb0ca21665","仰韶文化","仰韶文化,YangshaoCulture,半坡遗址,姜寨遗址,西水坡遗址,双槐树遗址,西坡遗址,彩陶文化,人面鱼纹彩陶盆,鹳鱼石斧图陶缸,陶鹰鼎,中国新石器时代,中华文明起源","yangshao-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780403273420_yangshao-culture17.jpg","2026-05-29T16:08:50","2026-07-19T10:29:04","仰韶文化是中国新石器时代最具代表性的考古学文化之一，分布于黄河中游地区。本文系统介绍仰韶文化的发展历程、彩陶艺术、农业经济、聚落形态，以及半坡、姜寨、西水坡、西坡和双槐树等重要遗址，解读其在中华文明起源中的重要地位。",{"id":96,"name":97,"keywords":98,"slug":99,"author":7,"ogImage":100,"isBlog":28,"createDate":101,"updateDate":102,"description":103},"fc5753d375714420b9fbe0bc5b6b1664","以色列联合王国分裂","以色列,犹太,以色列联合王国分裂,罗波安,耶罗波安","division-of-united-kingdom-of-israel","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283444369_720_1765173514774_Achav_palace_2.jpg","2025-11-20T19:49:14","2026-07-22T13:55:01","所罗门王晚年失政，其子罗波安即位后以色列联合王国正式分裂为北以色列与南犹大，两国长期内耗，先后沦为亚述、巴比伦的附庸。",{"id":105,"name":106,"keywords":107,"slug":108,"author":7,"ogImage":109,"isBlog":28,"createDate":110,"updateDate":111,"description":112},"89e02db998be4b77818bb602e198ecff","人类最早的文明","两河文明,美索不达米亚,苏美尔","origin-of-mesopotamian-civilization","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277056630_720_000153_1710133726312.jpg","2023-11-27T11:27:24","2026-07-19T11:54:35","人类最早文明诞生在哪里？苏美尔人是谁？楔形文字、城邦、种族与文明的定义。本文系统讲解两河流域文明的开端。",{"id":114,"name":115,"keywords":116,"slug":117,"author":7,"ogImage":118,"isBlog":28,"createDate":119,"updateDate":120,"description":121},"2365c0ec2d2440cd9cc5dd90a5538aa5","塞尔维乌斯·图里乌斯","古罗马,塞尔维乌斯·图里乌斯","servius-tullius","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290775071_720_1769588822165_Servian-Wall.jpg","2026-01-17T11:37:44","2026-02-03T22:36:42","探究罗马历史上最具远见的改革者塞尔维乌斯。他不仅修建了塞尔维乌斯城墙，更确立了按财产划分的百人团制度。本文将揭示“无产者”一词如何从古罗马的人口普查中诞生，并解析其权利与义务对等的政治逻辑。",{"id":123,"name":124,"keywords":125,"slug":126,"author":7,"ogImage":127,"isBlog":28,"createDate":128,"updateDate":129,"description":130},"23d76e12c94e41c1859cb32f2488d014","尼安德特人","人类演化史,晚期智人,丹尼索瓦人,尼安德特人,现代人","divergence-neanderthals-denisovans-homo-sapiens","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276305930_720_000124_1704330139624.jpg","2023-11-23T15:49:40","2026-07-18T13:12:47","距今77万到55万年前，现代人的祖先与尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人的祖先分化，但三个亚种间并没有完全“生殖隔离”。事实上从基因角度看，他们只是现代人在几万年前的一个“弱势一些”的祖先而已，每一个现代人身体里，都或多或少地留存着他们的基因。",{"id":132,"name":133,"keywords":134,"slug":135,"author":7,"ogImage":136,"isBlog":28,"createDate":137,"updateDate":138,"description":139},"a52b682c703e40d486cc8e53d5ceaf9d","萨尔玛那萨尔三世","亚述,亚述帝国,萨尔玛那萨尔三世","shalmaneser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283552160_720_000198_1719297007970.jpg","2024-06-25T14:26:04","2026-07-22T17:50:15","萨尔玛那萨尔三世建立亚述首支常备军与骑兵，发动卡尔卡尔战役，迫使以色列王耶户称臣，晚年因储位之争引发内乱，开启亚述百年低迷。",{"id":141,"name":142,"keywords":143,"slug":144,"author":7,"ogImage":145,"isBlog":28,"createDate":146,"updateDate":147,"description":148},"f57e163efcf24ea8b230b0c200911ef8","最古老的人类成员-图根原人","Orrorin,tugenensis,千禧人,图根原人,人类演化史,古猿","orrorin-tugenensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770170182584_1760324824811_the-origin-of-our-species2.jpg","2023-11-24T14:32:08","2026-07-18T14:25:17","图根原人（Orrorin tugenensis）又称千禧人，生活在600万年前的非洲，是已知最早的直立行走古人类之一。本文介绍其化石发现、形态特征与演化意义。",{"id":150,"name":151,"keywords":152,"slug":153,"author":7,"ogImage":154,"isBlog":28,"createDate":155,"updateDate":156,"description":157},"dee6d46eb6fa42d9a970314574660c05","《吉尔伽美什史诗》","苏美尔,吉尔伽美什,乌鲁克","epic-of-gilgamesh","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277737442_720_1769241408984_Epic_of_Gilgamesh.jpg","2026-01-24T15:50:53","2026-07-20T18:46:32","《吉尔伽美什史诗》是世界最早书面文学，讲述乌鲁克国王吉尔伽美什与恩奇都的冒险，包含大洪水故事，深刻影响后世文明与神话。",{"id":159,"name":160,"keywords":161,"slug":162,"author":7,"ogImage":163,"isBlog":28,"createDate":164,"updateDate":165,"description":166},"8f3f3b603b9146758e1c9d8a3cd6e497","古希腊荷马时代","古希腊,古希腊黑暗时代,线形文字B","homeric-age-of-ancient-greece","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283164016_720_1765019833607_Mask-of-Agamemnon.jpg","2024-06-25T11:33:39","2026-07-22T09:58:08","荷马时代为何被称为古希腊 “黑暗时代”？依托《荷马史诗》与考古发现，解读这段文明过渡时期的社会、政治与文化传承。"]