[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":151},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-foundation-of-syracuse-zh":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"叙拉古建城","foundation-of-syracuse","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773822661514_Leto2.png","article","2026-03-18T19:37:07","2026-01-15T22:53:59",{"name":5,"h1Title":13,"title":14,"subtitle":4,"keywords":15,"content":16,"overview":4,"description":17,"ogTitle":18,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"叙拉古建城：科林斯殖民者与西西里希腊名城的诞生","叙拉古建城｜科林斯殖民、奥尔蒂贾岛、阿瑞图萨神话与古希腊城邦起源","叙拉古建城,奥尔蒂贾岛,阿尔希亚斯","## 科林斯人建立叙拉古\n\n\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Syracuse City\" lon=\"15.2866\" lat=\"37.0755\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">叙拉古城\u003C/span>（Syracuse，现名锡拉库萨）位于意大利\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sicily Island\" lon=\"14.0154\" lat=\"37.6\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西西里岛\u003C/span>东岸，是一座拥有超过 2700 年历史的古希腊名城。凭借其卓越的天然港口和肥沃土地，它曾经是\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>最强大的城邦之一，在文化与军事上甚至能与著名的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Athens\" lon=\"23.7231\" lat=\"37.9751\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">雅典城\u003C/span>相抗衡。这里不仅是数学家阿基米德的故乡，也留下了宏伟的希腊剧场和由雅典娜神庙改建的奥提伽大教堂，其深厚的历史底蕴使其被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。\n\n据修昔底德的记载，这座殖民城市是在公元前 733 年由\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Corinth City\" lon=\"22.9513\" lat=\"37.9401\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">科林斯城\u003C/span>的移民所建立的，领袖为建城者阿尔希亚斯（Archias）。在阿尔忒弥斯女神与雅典娜女神的信仰鼓舞下，他们在背靠陆地、土地肥沃，且有淡水泉源的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ortigia Island\" lon=\"15.2931\" lat=\"37.0594\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">奥尔蒂贾岛\u003C/span>（Ortigia）登陆，这片土地的原有居民西塞尔人（Sicels）则被驱逐。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773816975574_Ortygia2.jpg\" alt=\"Ortygia\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortygia\" target=\"_blank\">Ortygia\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">奥尔蒂贾岛位于叙拉古东端，由一条狭窄的水道与主城分开。根据《荷马史诗》中阿波罗的故事，女神勒托（Leto）曾在这座岛上停留，生下了女神阿耳忒弥斯；阿耳忒弥斯帮助母亲穿过海洋，到达\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Delos Island\" lon=\"25.2711\" lat=\"37.3933\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">提洛岛\u003C/span>，勒托在那里生下了阿波罗。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817079881_Leto2.jpg\" alt=\"Leto\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leto\" target=\"_blank\">Leto\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">出土于沃尔奇的阿提卡红绘双耳瓶，描述了《提提俄斯劫掠勒托》的神话故事。阿波罗（左）试图抓住提提俄斯（Tityos），勒托（中）推开他，阿尔忒弥斯（右）准备阻止他。阿提卡红绘双耳细颈瓶，出土于沃尔奇。约公元前 510年 - 前 520 年。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817186533_Syracuse-Sicily2.jpg\" alt=\"Syracuse-Sicily\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily\" target=\"_blank\">Syracuse Sicily\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">环绕着海豚的阿瑞图萨女神头像，\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Syracuse City\" lon=\"15.2866\" lat=\"37.0755\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">叙拉古城\u003C/span>最著名、最古老的标志。这位女神原是阿尔忒弥斯的贞洁侍女，在伯罗奔尼撒的阿尔斐俄斯河沐浴时，被河神阿尔斐俄斯（Alpheus）追求。她向阿尔忒弥斯求助，被女神化为清泉，潜入地下、穿越大海，最终在叙拉古的奥尔蒂贾岛涌出，成为著名的阿瑞图萨泉（Fountain of Arethusa）。神话将叙拉古与它的母邦紧紧联系在一起，这也是为什么古希腊神话如此丰富多彩的原因：每个海外城邦都要在故事中拥有一席之地，不仅叙拉古，就算后世的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Rome City\" lon=\"12.5113\" lat=\"41.8919\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">罗马城\u003C/span>也不会例外。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n在近代殖民历史上，宗主国往往对殖民地在政治、经济和文化上施加全面的控制。但希腊人不同，殖民时母邦发挥的作用只是充当组织者。被选中的殖民者离开前，都会带上在母邦神庙中采集的火种告别，因为一旦启航后，他们就不再是母邦的公民了。殖民地建立后，他们会建造新的神庙来延续母邦的圣火，然后建立独立的国家；新的城邦国会有自己的领土、官职、节日、法律等。在很多方面，殖民地也会搬用母邦的制度和做法，如果环境不迫使他们做出改变的话。当殖民地发生困难时，也会向母邦求援；反之，当母邦遇到问题时，也首先会想到远方的殖民地。\n\n在早期阶段，叙拉古通过与希腊本土及\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>各地的贸易积累财富，同时与当地西塞尔人等土著部落交往、结盟或发生冲突，逐步巩固了对周边地区的控制。随着人口增长，叙拉古人跨过浅滩向内陆扩张，并在周边地区建立了\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Casmenae\" lon=\"14.8314\" lat=\"37.0778\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">卡斯梅奈\u003C/span>（Casmenae）和\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Camarina City\" lon=\"14.4475\" lat=\"36.8717\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">卡马里纳\u003C/span>（Camarina）等子殖民地。由于土地肥沃且控制了关键的海上贸易通道，到公元前 6 世纪时，叙拉古已发展成为\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sicily Island\" lon=\"14.0154\" lat=\"37.6\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西西里岛\u003C/span>上最繁荣的希腊城邦之一，并在后来的僭主时代（如盖隆与希伦一世）进一步扩张为区域霸权。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817311371_Casmenae2.jpg\" alt=\"Casmenae\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casmenae\" target=\"_blank\">Casmenae\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">公元前 5 世纪的西西里岛东南部：红色标注为希腊城邦，蓝色标注为原住民定居点。黄色线条为塞利农丁古道（Via Selinuntina），公元前 664 年左右，叙拉古人建立了\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Akrai City\" lon=\"14.8951\" lat=\"37.0579\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">阿克莱城\u003C/span> (Akrai)，随即修建了这条道路，到了公元前 6 世纪中叶，这条横跨西西里岛南部的路线基本成型；绿色线条代表埃洛里纳古道（Via Elorina），公元前 5 世纪时，这条道路已经是一条非常成熟且繁忙的军事与商业动脉。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n    \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817414119_Kamarina-Sicily32.jpg\" alt=\"Kamarina-Sicily\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily\n\" target=\"_blank\">Kamarina Sicily\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">卡马里纳出土骑士雕像，年代为公元前 6 世纪。现藏叙拉古博物馆。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n    \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817582202_Kamarina-Sicily42.jpg\" alt=\"Kamarina-Sicily\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily\n\" target=\"_blank\">Kamarina Sicily\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">卡马里纳的雅典娜神庙遗址。叙拉古与女神雅典娜有着深厚的宗教与文化渊源，这种联系不仅体现在神话信仰中，更通过地标性的建筑遗迹流传至今。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 参考资料\n\n《埃及、希腊与罗马 : 古代\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>文明》；查尔斯·弗里曼；李大维 刘亮[译]；民主与建设出版社 2020-9\n\n《希腊史：从梭伦时代到公元前403年》；[英]乔治·格罗特；晏绍祥 / 陈思伟[译]；北京理工大学出版社 2019-03\n\n《希腊3500年》；罗德里克·比顿；徐一彤[译]；中信出版社 2022-12\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily\" target=\"_blank\">Syracuse Sicily\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","叙拉古于公元前 733 年由科林斯人在西西里岛奥尔蒂贾岛建城，凭借天然良港与肥沃土地迅速崛起，成为古希腊最强大的城邦之一。","叙拉古建城：一座影响整个地中海的古希腊名城如何诞生","从科林斯远航到西西里，殖民者在奥尔蒂贾岛建立叙拉古，以神话、港口与霸权书写了西地中海希腊文明的辉煌篇章。","zh",0.6,[23,31,39,47,55,63,71,79,87,95,103,111,119,127,135,143],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"4cd7766ae5ee468ea48aa3adba7941a9","罗马共和国的建立","the-establishment-of-the-roman-republic","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770291076578_720_1769589582052_Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.jpg","2026-01-13T08:59:53","2026-03-20T23:27:28","公元前509年，罗马告别王政开启共和。深度解析波利比乌斯的“混合政体”理论与蒙森的“同僚性、年度性”制衡逻辑。了解罗马公民如何通过权力设计，防止专制君主的再次诞生。",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"118dd65be46847a6a11b5fe6745beec8","温泉关战役","battle-of-thermopylae","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773992089939_leonidas-i720.jpg","2026-01-13T10:20:09","2026-03-20T22:52:28","公元前480年温泉关战役爆发，列奥尼达率数千希腊联军死守隘口，以少抗多迟滞波斯大军，为希腊联军翻盘赢得关键时间，铸就军事史传奇。",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":45,"description":46},"1ff11f790154484882c2330ce9ee4dc8","地米斯托克利缔造雅典海军","themistocles","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773996650171_493BC.jpg","2026-01-16T17:43:19","2026-03-20T20:01:12","地米斯托克利以劳里昂银矿收益打造雅典舰队，修建港口与防御工事，奠定雅典海上霸权根基，晚年却遭陶片放逐、客死波斯。",{"id":48,"name":49,"keywords":4,"slug":50,"author":7,"ogImage":51,"isBlog":4,"createDate":52,"updateDate":53,"description":54},"8491c1ef3dc54813ba4607d84e439959","第一次布匿战争结束","the-end-of-the-first-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773821870368_The_Oath_of_Hannibal2.jpg","2026-01-17T11:57:37","2026-03-19T14:11:49","公元前 241 年埃加迪海战大败迦太基后，罗马通过《卡图卢斯和约》结束 23 年第一次布匿战争，掌控西西里并成为西地中海霸主。",{"id":56,"name":57,"keywords":4,"slug":58,"author":7,"ogImage":59,"isBlog":4,"createDate":60,"updateDate":61,"description":62},"433c14dafc584a86b8e5819dbf62deec","希梅拉战役","battle-of-himera","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889155192_Ancient-Carthage.jpg","2026-01-16T18:53:47","2026-03-19T14:08:59","公元前 480 年希梅拉战役爆发，叙拉古僭主盖隆率希腊联军击败迦太基大军，终结迦太基西进西西里计划，成为西地中海希腊文明的关键胜利。",{"id":64,"name":65,"keywords":4,"slug":66,"author":7,"ogImage":67,"isBlog":4,"createDate":68,"updateDate":69,"description":70},"ff04bebabfe340d2816979640f79735a","西西里消耗战","first-punic-war-sicilian-confrontation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773836795285_1773641026266_Altar-of-Domitius-Ahenobarbus2.jpg","2026-03-16T13:21:00","2026-03-19T13:50:14","第一次布匿战争进入西西里消耗战，罗马攻占巴勒莫，却在德雷帕纳海战惨败；哈米尔卡・巴卡以游击战术坚守迦太基西部要塞，战争陷入长期僵持。",{"id":72,"name":73,"keywords":4,"slug":74,"author":7,"ogImage":75,"isBlog":4,"createDate":76,"updateDate":77,"description":78},"34dd3ef76ca940138120fc08db55098c","阿拉利亚海战","battle-of-alalia","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889166419_battle-of-alalia3.png","2026-03-19T10:04:22","2026-03-19T13:44:54","公元前 540 - 前 535 年阿拉利亚海战爆发，希腊福西亚人对阵迦太基与伊特鲁里亚联军，这场海战彻底重塑西地中海势力格局，终结希腊西进殖民之路。",{"id":80,"name":81,"keywords":4,"slug":82,"author":7,"ogImage":83,"isBlog":4,"createDate":84,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"c9c2069607dc4ddb81df7f159c2477cc","迦太基帝国","the-rise-of-the-carthaginian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773889543432_Carthage32.jpg","2026-03-19T10:02:22","2026-03-19T13:24:47","迦太基是腓尼基人在北非建立的殖民帝国，凭借海军与贸易称霸西地中海，历经马尔丘斯、马戈一世扩张，成为罗马崛起前的地中海强权。",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":4,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":4,"createDate":92,"updateDate":93,"description":94},"aba73b3472c5466a9947cc249556571b","强权之下的腓尼基城邦","phoenician-city-states-vassalized-to-great-powers","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283572590_720_1765465371446_Assyrian_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_Walters.jpg","2025-12-11T19:13:33","2026-02-03T20:48:19","腓尼基城邦凭借商业与航海称霸东地中海，却先后沦为亚述、新巴比伦、波斯附庸，最终在亚历山大攻陷推罗后，结束海洋霸主时代。",{"id":96,"name":97,"keywords":4,"slug":98,"author":7,"ogImage":99,"isBlog":4,"createDate":100,"updateDate":101,"description":102},"4c8d31293f804624bffefd2d1ea19c6f","新埃兰时期与文明的消亡","neo-elamite-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290418284_720_1765426853042_Assyria.jpg","2025-12-11T11:26:42","2026-02-03T21:08:04","公元前1100年至600年，新埃兰时期见证了两千年埃兰文明的终结。本文详述亚述帝国的残酷征服、苏萨城的毁灭，以及波斯人如何继承埃兰遗产并建立阿契美尼德王朝，还原近东霸权更迭的真实史诗。",{"id":104,"name":105,"keywords":4,"slug":106,"author":7,"ogImage":107,"isBlog":4,"createDate":108,"updateDate":109,"description":110},"00549781383e4e04aaa9fcb7e5247c6e","第一次布匿战争","first-punic-war","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773821854423_Battle_of_Mylae1.jpg","2026-01-13T09:02:13","2026-03-18T20:31:05","第一次布匿战争（前 264— 前 241 年）是罗马与迦太基争夺地中海霸权的首场大战。罗马从无海军起步，凭借乌鸦吊桥在米拉海战大破迦太基舰队，最终夺取西西里，奠定西地中海霸主地位。",{"id":112,"name":113,"keywords":4,"slug":114,"author":7,"ogImage":115,"isBlog":4,"createDate":116,"updateDate":117,"description":118},"4c6669ee00cb4318a52b69c064c91e7c","盖隆时代的叙拉古","syracuse-in-the-age-of-gelon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773835732572_1773816624938_Gelon2.jpg","2026-03-18T14:48:01","2026-03-18T20:18:50","盖隆于公元前485年成为叙拉古僭主，通过移民集权、希梅拉战役大胜迦太基，缔造叙拉古黄金时代，使其成为西地中海希腊文明核心强权。",{"id":120,"name":121,"keywords":4,"slug":122,"author":7,"ogImage":123,"isBlog":4,"createDate":124,"updateDate":125,"description":126},"6fb53305c4d24ded98ef1aad7875566a","罗马远征迦太基","first-punic-war-expedition-to-carthage","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773825394026_Battle-of-Cape-Ecnomus2.jpg","2026-03-16T13:23:06","2026-03-18T17:18:16","第一次布匿战争中，罗马组建庞大舰队远征迦太基本土，在埃克诺穆斯角海战大胜，却在巴格拉达斯河惨败，雷古鲁斯被俘，成为罗马史上经典英雄传说。",{"id":128,"name":129,"keywords":4,"slug":130,"author":7,"ogImage":131,"isBlog":4,"createDate":132,"updateDate":133,"description":134},"66e8b363e4fd4aef931fedd2c067d28b","维拉诺瓦文化","villanovan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283470288_720_1769063169667_Harness_Trapping_in_the_Shape_of_a_Horse_LACMA.jpg","2025-09-17T00:21:58","2026-03-18T15:09:14","维拉诺瓦文化是意大利半岛铁器时代的标志，以独特火葬习俗、精湛冶金技术为特征，是伊特鲁里亚文明的直接前身，深刻影响罗马文明起源。",{"id":136,"name":137,"keywords":4,"slug":138,"author":7,"ogImage":139,"isBlog":4,"createDate":140,"updateDate":141,"description":142},"9d6ffc016ad5496ea6cb688dbe06edf2","王权『自天而降』","sumerian-king-list","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277186433_720_000171_1710127538406.jpg","2025-09-17T11:02:58","2026-03-12T13:00:55","苏美尔王表为何说 “王权自天而降”？本文解读人类最早的王权神话、埃利都、阿鲁利姆、大洪水与王权神授观念的起源。\n",{"id":144,"name":145,"keywords":4,"slug":146,"author":7,"ogImage":147,"isBlog":4,"createDate":148,"updateDate":149,"description":150},"10ed041e147843b08112885d5a2d4c50","拉美西斯大帝","ramesses-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282552379_720_000183_1715668834131.jpg","2024-05-16T16:27:22","2026-03-12T13:00:29","拉美西斯二世是古埃及第十九王朝最著名法老，本文讲述他的生平、卡迭石战役、银板和约、阿布辛贝神庙太阳节、建筑奇迹与纳菲尔塔莉。",1774515942120]