[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-el-amrah-cattle-zh":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"阿姆拉陶牛","el-amrah-cattle","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1787038651949_el-amra-cattle.jpg","article","2026-09-16T19:26:46","2026-08-18T10:52:13",{"name":5,"h1Title":13,"title":14,"subtitle":4,"keywords":15,"content":16,"overview":4,"description":17,"ogTitle":18,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"阿姆拉陶牛：五千五百年前古埃及来世餐桌的寄托","阿姆拉陶牛：大英博物馆馆藏埃及前王朝陶塑与驯化牛的历史","阿姆拉陶牛,前王朝时期,涅伽达文化,大英博物馆,古埃及墓葬,驯化牛,巴特女神","## 阿姆拉陶牛\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_48.49/1787038807180_el-amra-cattle2.jpg\" alt=\"阿姆拉陶牛\" width=\"100%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:El-Amra_cattle_british_museum.JPG\" target=\"_blank\">El Amra Cattle\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">这件陶牛陶塑约制作于公元前3500年，属于埃及前王朝时期的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Naqada\" lon=\"32.7167\" lat=\"25.9\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">涅伽达\u003C/span>一期文化。陶塑表现了四头并列的牛，出土于阿姆拉的一座墓葬，作为随葬品，可能象征了财富、食物和来世的供给。现藏于\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The British Museum\" lon=\"-0.126168\" lat=\"51.5192\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">大英博物馆\u003C/span>，是了解早期埃及畜牧生活与丧葬观念的重要文物。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 阿姆拉遗址陶牛，为了“来世的”餐桌\n\n在大英博物馆64号展厅的展柜中，静静陈列着四头造型质朴的小陶牛。它们出土于埃及南部\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"El-Amrah Site\" lon=\"31.9684\" lat=\"26.1431\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">阿姆拉遗址\u003C/span>（El-Amrah）的一座古墓，距今约5500年，是人类进入农业时代后，用泥土塑造出的一份“来世口粮”。\n\n1900年，埃及探索学会的一名成员在埃及南部小村庄阿姆拉附近发掘了一座墓葬，编号为A23号墓。墓主是一名男子，随葬品记录朴素而克制：一根涂有红色条纹、顶端仿制权杖头的陶棒，一只红陶四方小盒，以及这组四头站成一排的陶牛。这些牛用\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The Nile\" lon=\"31.1167\" lat=\"30.9\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">尼罗河\u003C/span>的河泥手工捏制而成，经低温烧制后，表面还曾绘有黑白斑纹，如今大多已经剥落。牛群共享一个底座，大小如同一只餐盘，整体不过巴掌高低，颇似孩童把玩的玩具农场动物。\n\n这组陶牛属于涅伽达一期（Naqada I，约公元前3750年-前3500年）文化时期，是古埃及“前王朝”时代的产物，比著名的金字塔还要早上千年。\n\n### 牛为何被埋入坟墓\n\n在这一时期的埃及，牛已经被驯化，但驯化程度尚浅：它们的牛角向内向下弯曲，与后世埃及壁画中常见的向外上翘的牛角不同，形态更接近尚未被人类深度改造的原始牛种。学者推测，当时的牛更多是作为血液而非肉类或乳制品的来源被饲养，其实这种现象在早期畜牧社会中非常常见，血和奶一样，既能为人类提供营养，又不必宰杀牲畜本身。至今，\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Kenya\" lon=\"36.8\" lat=\"-1.26667\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">肯尼亚\u003C/span>的游牧民族仍保留了这一做法。\n\n在古埃及，牛也被视为财富与生存的象征，随葬陶牛模型，其用意也不难理解：古埃及人相信死后仍有来世，逝者在另一个世界依然需要食物来维系生命。将牛群模型放入墓中，正是为了实现“让逝者在来世永远不缺食物”这一朴素愿望，和后世法老们的金字塔具有相同的精神寄托。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_48.49/1787038962315_el-amra-cattle32.jpg\" alt=\"阿姆拉遗址陶牛\" width=\"100%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Model_cattle,_El-Amra,_Naqada_I,_British_Museum_EA_35506.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Model cattle\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"El-Amrah Site\" lon=\"31.9684\" lat=\"26.1431\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">阿姆拉遗址\u003C/span>陶牛。约9000年前，\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sahara\" lon=\"13\" lat=\"23\" map=\"HB\">撒哈拉\u003C/span>广袤的大地上还没有被沙漠覆盖，那里曾是开阔的草原，不仅是羚羊、长颈鹿、斑马、大象等野生动物的家园，也曾是猎人的乐土。但到了约8000年前，雨水枯竭了，大地也慢慢地变成了现在的模样，将包括古埃及人在内的北非人群同非洲内陆分开。环境的巨变迫使人们寻找新的生存方式，而在所有当地人曾经捕猎过的动物中，只有一种可以被驯养：牛。此后在自然选择的塑造下，人类才逐渐演化出成年后仍能消化牛奶的能力。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n### 气候变迁与新的永恒愿望\n\n这组陶牛所处的时代，正是\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The Nile\" lon=\"31.1167\" lat=\"30.9\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">尼罗河\u003C/span>流域从游牧渔猎逐渐转向定居农业的关键阶段。\n\n随着末次冰河期结束，撒哈拉地区气候日益干燥，曾经水草丰茂的草原逐渐退化为沙漠，迫使人群不断向尼罗河谷地聚拢。正是在这样的环境压力下，畜牧与农耕逐渐取代了狩猎采集，成为埃及先民赖以生存的主要方式。而牛作为这组雕塑的对象，它们正是这场生存转型中最核心的资源之一。\n\n后来，母牛也成为尼罗河谷人类生存的重要依托，甚至逐渐成为埃及宗教中的重要角色。虽然对牛崇拜的确切起源尚无定论，但后世埃及神话中出现了牛首女神巴特，法老封号也以“他母亲的公牛”自居，母牛更是被视为法老的创造者……\n\n如今，这四头陶牛静静立于展柜之中，斑驳的彩绘早已难辨，缺损的牛角与牛头也诉说着数千年的沧桑。但它们所承载的情感，却穿越时间依然清晰可辨：那是一个古老文明对生存与延续最直白的祈愿，即便面对死亡，也希望所爱之人永远不必挨饿。这份用泥土捏就的朴素心意，也是人类最恒久不变的主题之一。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_48.49/1787039039358_bat-goddess.png\" alt=\"巴特（Bat）是古埃及最早出现的牛首女神之一\" width=\"60%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bat_goddess.svg\" target=\"_blank\">Bat Goddess\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">巴特（Bat）是古埃及最早出现的牛首女神之一，其崇拜至少可追溯至前王朝时期，主要流行于\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Upper Egypt\" lon=\"32\" lat=\"27\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">上埃及\u003C/span>。她通常被表现为具有牛角、牛耳的女性面孔，与天空、生育和女性力量有关。著名的纳尔迈调色板上可能就刻有她的形象。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_48.49/1787039135153_menkaura2.jpg\" alt=\"古埃及第四王朝国王孟卡拉\" width=\"60%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Menkaura.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Menkaura\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">古埃及第四王朝国王孟卡拉（Menkaure，约公元前2550-前2503年）像，他是三大金字塔之一\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Menkaure Pyramid\" lon=\"31.1283\" lat=\"29.9725\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">孟卡拉金字塔\u003C/span>的主人，他的左侧站立着巴特女神。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_48.49/1787039209835_el-amrah-egypt2.jpg\" alt=\"古埃及第四王朝国王孟卡拉\" width=\"100%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Amrah,_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">El-Amrah, Egypt\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"El-Amrah Site\" lon=\"31.9684\" lat=\"26.1431\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">阿姆拉遗址\u003C/span>出土的的前王朝时期房屋模型，属于\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Naqada\" lon=\"32.7167\" lat=\"25.9\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">涅伽达\u003C/span>二期文化，年代约公元前3200年。\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The British Museum\" lon=\"-0.126168\" lat=\"51.5192\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">大英博物馆\u003C/span>。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_48.49/1787039262148_min-palette.png\" alt=\"敏神调色板\" width=\"60%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mudstone_palette_with_hieroglyphs_in_relief._Late_Predynastic,_Naqada_III._3250-3100_BC._From_El-Amra.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">敏神调色板\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">这是大英博物馆藏“敏神调色板”（Min Palette），出土于阿姆拉遗址，属前王朝的涅伽达三期（Naqada III，约公元前3250-3100年），板面浮雕刻有象征生育之神“敏”的符号及双鸟头图案，被一些学者认为是古埃及象形文字起源的早期实物例证。所谓“调色板”（palette）多为石质薄板，用于研磨孔雀石粉等矿物，制成眼影颜料，兼具实用与礼仪、随葬功能，是古埃及前王朝时期的标准性物品之一。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_48.49/1787039355530_clay-figure2.jpg\" alt=\"这件人物造型的陶俑出自古埃及前王朝时期的涅伽达一期（Naqada I）文化\" width=\"100%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clay_figure_(RMO_Leiden,_Egypt_Naqada_I_period,_~4000bc_25cm)_(3802228234).jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Clay Figure\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">这件人物造型的陶俑出自古埃及前王朝时期的涅伽达一期（Naqada I）文化，年代约为公元前4000年。现藏于\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nederland\" lon=\"4.88333\" lat=\"52.3667\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">荷兰\u003C/span>莱顿（Leiden）国立古物博物馆。古人对待死亡的方式反映出他们的生活方式，我们能从中了解他们的事迹，也能对他们的心灵世界感同身受，就像这件令人沉思的作品……\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 参考资料\n\n《大英博物馆世界简史》尼尔·麦格雷戈；余燕[译]；新星出版社 2017-11\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Amra_clay_model_of_cattle\" target=\"_blank\">El Amra Clay Model of Cattle\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---","大英博物馆64号展厅陈列的阿姆拉陶牛，出自距今5500年的埃及古墓。本文揭示这组涅伽达一期陶塑背后的驯化历史、气候变迁，以及古埃及先民对来世食物与永恒生存的朴素寄托。","阿姆拉陶牛：五千五百年前，为了“来世餐桌”的泥塑寄托","在金字塔建造的一千多年前，埃及先民用尼罗河泥捏塑了四头小陶牛随葬。它们不仅记录了撒哈拉气候干旱化与牛的驯化史，更承载着人类对生命延续最古老的祈愿。","zh",0.7,[23,33,42,51,60,69,78,87,96,105,114,123,132,141,150,159],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":26,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":29,"createDate":30,"updateDate":31,"description":32},"4116ae5cd327460cbbdb34a98262e561","阿舍利手斧","阿舍利手斧,Acheulean手斧,奥杜威峡谷,旧石器时代,史前石器,人类演化,模式2工业,直立人,考古学,大英博物馆","acheulean-handaxe","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/olduvai-handax.jpg",1,"2026-08-14T15:31:34","2026-09-12T13:35:32","阿舍利手斧是旧石器时代最具代表性的大型切割工具之一。它如何从奥杜威石器发展而来，又为何能延续百万年以上？",{"id":34,"name":35,"keywords":36,"slug":37,"author":7,"ogImage":38,"isBlog":29,"createDate":39,"updateDate":40,"description":41},"c5a970c231884a789ff894f6cd855a73","坎特伯雷玉斧","坎特伯雷玉斧,硬玉,新石器时代,大英博物馆,阿尔卑斯山,史前贸易","canterbury-jadeite-axe","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1787121841057_hache-global-fond.jpg","2026-08-19T14:28:45","2026-09-16T14:01:46","一柄出土于英国坎特伯雷的古老玉斧，其石料竟源自数千公里之外的意大利阿尔卑斯山。本文为您揭开这件新石器时代奢侈品背后的身世之谜，展现六千年前欧洲广阔的远距离交流网络。",{"id":43,"name":44,"keywords":45,"slug":46,"author":7,"ogImage":47,"isBlog":29,"createDate":48,"updateDate":49,"description":50},"b9f0da13c1c247cda8e3f10baf85c094","登王的凉鞋标签","登王凉鞋标签,法老登,第一王朝,大英博物馆,古埃及考古,卡特头巾,阿拜多斯","king-den-sandal-label","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1787122329444_wooden-funerary-sculpture-ma.jpg","2026-08-19T13:04:02","2026-09-16T19:35:22","大英博物馆藏“登王的凉鞋标签”长仅5厘米，却刻画了古埃及法老最早的“击敌”形象。本文解析这件五千年前的河马牙残片，揭示古埃及第一王朝的军事扩张、王权符号体系与早期国家诞生。",{"id":52,"name":53,"keywords":54,"slug":55,"author":7,"ogImage":56,"isBlog":29,"createDate":57,"updateDate":58,"description":59},"d7517acb5f0c45c3b7efbbdf15c23f7c","崧泽文化","崧泽文化,良渚文化,马家浜文化,长江下游文明,新石器时代,太湖流域,中国文明起源","songze-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1783239192127_songze-culture3.jpg","2026-06-29T10:32:19","2026-07-19T19:46:04","崧泽文化距今约6000年至5300年，是长江下游新石器时代的重要文化。本文介绍崧泽文化的农业、聚落、陶器、玉器和社会复杂化过程，以及它如何为良渚文明的形成奠定基础。",{"id":61,"name":62,"keywords":63,"slug":64,"author":7,"ogImage":65,"isBlog":29,"createDate":66,"updateDate":67,"description":68},"650fb920a825478aba09b4410abf55ab","基于1-22号染色体的最近共同祖先","最近共同祖先,现代人,人类的起源","most-recent-common-ancestor-chromosome","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276375616_720_1761526548499_Chromosomal-fragment-recombination.jpg","2025-09-27T17:34:53","2026-07-18T19:42:58","从基因组角度解读人类 1-22 号常染色体的最近共同祖先，解释 DNA 重组、突变与祖先片段传承，科普人类遗传学意义上的共同祖先时间。",{"id":70,"name":71,"keywords":72,"slug":73,"author":7,"ogImage":74,"isBlog":29,"createDate":75,"updateDate":76,"description":77},"71065a7af9ed4f13a70b5750c6b837c2","古埃及短暂的复兴","古埃及,埃及26王朝","short-lived-revival-of-26th-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290797502_720_1765974591856_head-of-Amasis2.jpg","2025-12-17T16:42:34","2026-07-23T22:00:48","第二十六王朝时期，埃及迎来短暂复兴：尼科二世远征西亚、开凿运河；普萨美提克二世击败努比亚；阿玛西斯开创繁荣时代，成为古埃及本土文明最后的辉煌。",{"id":79,"name":80,"keywords":81,"slug":82,"author":7,"ogImage":83,"isBlog":29,"createDate":84,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"8fbab3fbd12e4aa7b2eb07a5d8ff1007","商王朝九世之乱与盘庚迁都","盘庚迁都,九世之乱,夏商,商朝","pan-geng-relocation-of-the-capital","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282502699_720_1764947648708_shang.jpg","2025-11-15T11:41:07","2026-07-21T21:00:55","九世之乱导致商朝内乱衰落，盘庚力排众议迁都于殷，结束动荡、振兴国势，奠定殷商 200 余年稳定基业。",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":90,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":29,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"b59e3b5120294f44ad7bc049bf50c386","古埃及文明消亡","古埃及,古埃及本土文明的消亡","decline-and-fall-of-ancient-egyptian-civilization","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290955170_720_000212_1756715712173_Sais-of-Egypt2.jpg","2025-12-16T20:09:10","2026-07-23T20:04:33","公元前 525 年，波斯帝国冈比西斯二世征服埃及，灭亡第二十六王朝，古埃及最后一个本土法老时代落幕，延续两千五百多年的古埃及文明走向消亡。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":99,"slug":100,"author":7,"ogImage":101,"isBlog":29,"createDate":102,"updateDate":103,"description":104},"118dd65be46847a6a11b5fe6745beec8","温泉关战役","温泉关战役,希波战争,斯巴达三百勇士,列奥尼达","battle-of-thermopylae","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773992089939_leonidas-i720.jpg","2026-01-13T10:20:09","2026-07-23T20:07:04","公元前480年温泉关战役爆发，列奥尼达率数千希腊联军死守隘口，以少抗多迟滞波斯大军，为希腊联军翻盘赢得关键时间，铸就军事史传奇。",{"id":106,"name":107,"keywords":108,"slug":109,"author":7,"ogImage":110,"isBlog":29,"createDate":111,"updateDate":112,"description":113},"aa4d67015335483583b97ecb55efaa3d","埃兰文明萌芽","埃兰文明,伊朗","embryonic-stage-of-elamite-civilization","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277241115_720_000188_1718266668615.jpg","2024-06-13T15:59:34","2026-07-19T21:04:29","埃兰是伊朗高原最古老的原生文明，起源可追溯至公元前 6000 年，以苏萨为中心，与两河文明长期互动，是波斯帝国之前西亚最重要的文明之一。",{"id":115,"name":116,"keywords":117,"slug":118,"author":7,"ogImage":119,"isBlog":29,"createDate":120,"updateDate":121,"description":122},"44683e95121b4f4c8bb80251e97882d6","人类第一次走出非洲","直立人,人类第一次走出非洲,人类的起源","first-time-humans-left-africa","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770176027541_beijingren2.jpg","2025-10-13T13:44:53","2026-07-18T19:21:36","通过各地出土的古化石可以证明，人属的扩张早在距今200万年前就开始了。最晚在距今180万年前，人属下的直立人第一次走出非洲，可以说，这是地球历史上规模最大的地质和历史事件之一。",{"id":124,"name":125,"keywords":126,"slug":127,"author":7,"ogImage":128,"isBlog":29,"createDate":129,"updateDate":130,"description":131},"a554dd11759c4bfbbbed06bd4ec73314","埃及第一中间期","埃及第一中间期,诺姆","first-intermediate-period-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277773655_720_1764036324852_Stela_of_the_Gatekeeper_Maati_MET_DP352181.jpg","2025-11-04T16:17:18","2026-07-28T08:52:58","第一中间期是古埃及古王国与中王国之间的混乱时代，中央瓦解、地方割据、饥荒与战乱频发，《涅菲尔提预言》记录了这一黑暗时期。",{"id":133,"name":134,"keywords":135,"slug":136,"author":7,"ogImage":137,"isBlog":29,"createDate":138,"updateDate":139,"description":140},"b6860d9ebc3a49f99736b06cedf9cae9","人类最早的文字","最早的文字,楔形文字,苏美尔人","cuneiform-script-the-earliest-form-of-human-writing","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277157626_720_1761894888347_Proto-writing2.jpg","2025-10-31T15:00:29","2026-07-19T20:12:47","人类最早文字在哪里诞生？楔形文字如何从图画符号走向成熟？本文重点讲解文字起源与文明门槛。",{"id":142,"name":143,"keywords":144,"slug":145,"author":7,"ogImage":146,"isBlog":29,"createDate":147,"updateDate":148,"description":149},"4f7f68664ec94053856b5cb629a4be94","狗的驯化","狗的驯化,GTF2I,GTF2IRD1,史前史","domestication-of-dogs","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276806239_720_1761533583097_Domestication_of_the_dog52.jpg","2025-10-24T21:23:30","2026-07-18T21:58:53","狗是人类驯化的第一种动物，从灰狼到家犬经历了怎样的过程？起源于何时何地？本文系统讲解狗的驯化史、考古证据与遗传学真相。",{"id":151,"name":152,"keywords":153,"slug":154,"author":7,"ogImage":155,"isBlog":29,"createDate":156,"updateDate":157,"description":158},"859deaca191642c682b12547cf6ab8da","埃及第二十一王朝","埃及,埃及第二十一王朝,斯门德斯,培尔-拉美西斯,塔尼斯","twenty-first-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283190109_720_1765087010979_Psusennes-Ⅰ.jpg","2024-07-01T20:18:10","2026-07-22T10:02:34","埃及第二十一王朝是第三中间期第一个王朝，北方以塔尼斯为都，南方由阿蒙大祭司实际统治，王权衰落、盗墓盛行，埃及与以色列王国联姻标志国力下降。",{"id":160,"name":161,"keywords":162,"slug":163,"author":7,"ogImage":164,"isBlog":29,"createDate":165,"updateDate":166,"description":167},"942d002ff3b9424fbda0bd4ca9bce6e6","丹尼索瓦人灭绝","丹尼索瓦人,龙人,郧县人","extinction-of-denisovans","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773021375116_Denisovans_extinct.jpg","2025-09-28T00:27:26","2026-07-18T21:19:20","丹尼索瓦人为何灭绝？揭秘这个神秘古人类族群的生存轨迹，解析末次冰期、智人竞争等灭绝核心成因，带你了解人类演化史上的隐形行者。"]